Antagonism of Acremonium mucronatum towards Diplodia mutila in tests in vitro and in situ

Ragazzi, A.; Moricca, Salvatore; Vagniluca, S.; Dellavalle, I.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1996.tb00844.x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Diplodia corticola causes dieback and canker disease of the apical twigs and branches of Quercus spp. that are subjected to stress, mainly in the western mediterranean area; in the context of oak decline it must be considered a contributing factor to mortality (Franceschini, Corda, Maddau, & Marras 1999;Luisi, Lerario, & Bianco 1996;Ragazzi et al, 1996). The symptoms caused by D. corticola are discoloration or yellowing of leaves, dieback of branches in the upper crown and progressive necrosis of bark, cambium and epicormic shoots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several distinguishing factors based on origin (abiotic, biotic, anthropic) or role (predisposing, inciting, contributing) have been implicated in oak decline (Belisario, Motta, & Scortichini, 1990;Houston, 1992). Biotic factors include the endophytic community associated with oak trees consisting of numerous saprophytic fungi belonging to the genera Acremonium, Cytospora, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Alternaria, Sclerotinia and Trichoderma (Anselmi et al, 2002;Ragazzi, Morricca, Vagniluca, & Dellavalle 1996) and pathogens such as Diplodia corticola, Apiognomonia quercina and Phomopsis quercina (Thomas, Blank & Hartmann, 2002). Diplodia corticola causes dieback and canker disease of the apical twigs and branches of Quercus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi towards Diplodia corticola assessed by in vitro and in planta tests

2007

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One isolate each of Trichoderma viride, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium tricinctum, Alternaria alternata, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Cytospora (teleomorph: Valsa sp.) present in epigeous declining oak tissues was evaluated for its ability to control Diplodia corticola (isolate 79). This fungus is the causal agent of cankers, vascular necrosis and dieback on various oak species. Among the isolates tested, T. viride and F. tricinctum showed maximum in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of D. corticola (isolate 79). Species were also evaluated for their ability to reduce mortality caused by D. corticola (isolate 79) of Quercus cerris and Q. pubescens seedlings under controlled conditions. Two series of inoculations were carried out through wounds in the stem; in the first, the distance between the point of inoculation of the antagonist and the pathogen was 6 cm, whereas in the second series the distance was shortened to 3 cm. In seedlings of Q. cerris and Q. pubescens at a distance of 3 cm, inoculation with F. tricinctum and A. alternata significantly reduced mortality caused by D. corticola (isolate 79). Inoculation of T. viride through artificial cuticular wounds in the stem of seedlings prevented the proliferation of D. corticola (isolate 79) only on seedlings of Q. cerris. All Q. pubescens seedlings treated with T. viride manifested pathological symptoms subsequent to proliferation of D. corticola (isolate 79). These observations indicate that the interactions between endophytes in planta and D. corticola (isolate 79) are complex and merit further study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi towards Diplodia corticola assessed by in vitro and in planta tests

2007

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“…In particular, the canker-causing agent Diplodia corticola, considered a latent pathogen, has been consistently found associated with declining oak trees, and its pathogenicity to Mediterranean and USA oak species has been demonstrated (Dreaden, Shin, & Smith, 2011;Linaldeddu et al, 2014;Luque, Parladé, & Pera, 2002;Luque, Pera, & Parladé, 2008;Lynch, Eskalen, Zambino, Mayorquin, & Wang, 2013;Phillips et al, 2013). Symptoms caused by D. corticola include discoloration or yellowing of leaves, dieback of branches, vascular necrosis and death, leading to alteration of the quality and quantity of cork produced (Alves et al, 2004;Luque & Girbal, 1989;Ragazzi, Moricca, Vagniluca, & Dellavalle, 1996). Diplodia corticola is also a pathogen of grapevines (Úrbez-Torres, Peduto, Rooney-Latham, & Gubler, 2010) and eucalypts (Barradas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain‐related pathogenicity in Diplodia corticola

et al. 2017

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Diplodia corticola is one of the most aggressive fungal pathogens of Quercus species and is involved in the decline of Mediterranean cork oak forests and Californian oaks.Information regarding variation in virulence between strains is scarce. We hypothesize that D. corticola strains differ in virulence and consequently induce different symptoms in infected plants. To test this, infection assays were carried out on Quercus suber half-sib seedlings with seven strains of D. corticola. Visual symptoms of infection (external lesions, leaf wilting, exudation and others) were recorded in parallel with physiological and biochemical parameters. All strains were able to cause lesions but at differing levels of aggressiveness. We show that internal lesion length did not correlate directly with strain aggressiveness and this agrees with physiological parameters that should be taken into account to infer about strain pathogenicity. Infection by all strains induced an overall negative impact on the net photosynthetic rate and an increase in the oxidative stress status of plants; however, significant differences were found when the effects of different strains were compared. Results also suggest that being under optimum growth conditions, prior to and during infection, allowed plants to respond to the pathogen. At the end of the experiment, some strains of D. corticola established a latent pathogen-like relationship with cork oak. This is the first study to show that D. corticola virulence is strain-dependent.

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“…Diseases caused by Botryosphaeriaceae are drawing the attention of researchers especially in the Mediterranean region, consider one of the most striking examples regarding the emerging diseases (Ragazzi et al, 1996;Linaldeddu et al, 2017;Panzavolta et al, 2017;Smahi et al, 2017). Italy is certainly one of the most affected countries within the Mediterranean region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic fungi and oomycetes causing dieback on Fraxinus species in the Mediterranean climate change hotspot region

Benigno,

Bregant,

Aglietti

et al. 2023

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Environmental changes are occurring on a global scale, but their effects are most pronounced in climate change hotspot zones, such as the Mediterranean basin. Within this area Italy, extending from its southern coasts in the core of the Mediterranean Sea to its northernmost pre-Alpine and Alpine regions, is characterized by a variety of climatic conditions and vegetation types. Surveys conducted in 2018–2022 in forest formations of Central-Northern Italy revealed that the enhanced warming trend and irregular distribution of precipitations are strongly impacting the health of Fraxinus species, with some pathogenic fungi and oomycetes being important contributing factors to the decline of the three main ash species growing there: common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus), and narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia). Isolation from symptomatic plant material collected countrywide under different site conditions and pathogenicity tests revealed a complex phytopathological framework, with several pathogenic species in addition to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus involved with a prominent role in the ash dieback etiology. Key microbial taxa included the fungal and oomycete pathogens Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia fraxini, Diplodia subglobosa, Phytophthora acerina, and Phytophthora plurivora. The disease impact was higher on sites where ash trees grew under environmental stress (i.e., areas characterized by mild dry winters, hot summers with intense and prolonged drought) and exhibited reduced vigor, also as a consequence of anthropogenic interference (i.e., silvicultural management and fires). The identified causative agents are emerging pathogens that thrive under warmer conditions, their impact in the investigated areas being prevalent compared to H. fraxineus, which appears to be restricted on the Italian peninsula to the cooler and wetter valleys of the Alps and Central-Northern Apennines.

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Antagonism of Acremonium mucronatum towards Diplodia mutila in tests in vitro and in situ

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi towards Diplodia corticola assessed by in vitro and in planta tests

Antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi towards Diplodia corticola assessed by in vitro and in planta tests

Strain‐related pathogenicity in Diplodia corticola

Pathogenic fungi and oomycetes causing dieback on Fraxinus species in the Mediterranean climate change hotspot region

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