“…Consequently, experts develop heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms to solve this problem. Several metaheuristics algorithms have been studied in GVRP to minimize fuel consumption, such as Simulated Annealing (SA) (Eydi & Alavi, 2018;Felipe et al, 2014;Karagul et al, 2019;Koç & Karaoglan, 2016;Kuo, 2010;Normasari et al, 2019;Yasin & Vincent, 2013), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) (Jabir et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019), and Revised Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm (Wang et al, 2018). Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) (Norouzi et al, 2017;Poonthalir & Nadarajan, 2018), Tabu Search (TS) (Kuo & Wang, 2011), and Genetic Algorithms (GA) (Franco et al, 2017) were also proposed to solve it.…”