Ant allergy in Asia and Australia

Ngiam, Nicola; Lee, Bee-Wah

doi:10.1097/01.all.0000136761.51195.01

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…48,51 Venom from stinging insects (Order Hymenoptera, family Apidae [eg, honeybees]; family Vespidae [eg, yellow jackets, yellow hornets, white-faced hornets, and paper wasps]; and family Formicidae [eg, ants]) [52][53][54] or, less commonly, saliva from biting insects (flies, mosquitoes, ticks, kissing bugs, and caterpillars) can trigger anaphylaxis. [54][55][56][57] In health care settings ongoing efforts to prevent anaphylaxis from natural rubber latex have been relatively successful; however, in the community anaphylaxis is still occasionally reported after direct exposure to latex-containing gloves, condoms, rubberhandled racquets, balloons, latex-padded play pits, infant pacifiers, and bottle nipples. It also potentially occurs after ingestion of foods that cross-react with latex, such as banana, kiwi, papaya, avocado, potato, and tomato.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Triggers Of Anaphylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…52,124 Challenge/provocation tests with stinging and biting insects are potentially dangerous and are used only in research. [52][53][54][55][56][57]68,125 Positive intradermal tests to stinging insect venoms, increased venom-specific IgE levels, or both occur in up to 28.5% of the general adult population, most of whom do not have systemic symptoms after an insect sting. [52][53][54]68 It is therefore critically important that the test results be interpreted in the context of the clinical history.…”

Section: Confirmation Of the Triggers Of Anaphylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaphylaxis

Simons

2010

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

395

380

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Anaphylaxis occurs commonly in community settings. The rate of occurrence is increasing, especially in young people. Understanding potential triggers, mechanisms, and patient-specific risk factors for severity and fatality is the key to performing appropriate risk assessment in those who have previously experienced an acute anaphylactic episode. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis is based primarily on clinical criteria and is valid even if the results of laboratory tests, such as serum total tryptase levels, are within normal limits. Positive skin test results or increased serum specific IgE levels to potential triggering allergens confirm sensitization but do not confirm the diagnosis of anaphylaxis because asymptomatic sensitization is common in the general population. Important patient-related risk factors for severity and fatality include age, concomitant diseases, and concurrent medications, as well as other less well-defined factors, such as defects in mediator degradation pathways, fever, acute infection, menses, emotional stress, and disruption of routine. Prevention of anaphylaxis depends primarily on optimal management of patient-related risk factors, strict avoidance of confirmed relevant allergen or other triggers, and, where indicated, immunomodulation (eg, subcutaneous venom immunotherapy to prevent Hymenoptera sting-triggered anaphylaxis, an underused, potentially curative treatment). The benefits and risks of immunomodulation to prevent food-triggered anaphylaxis are still being defined. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the medication of first choice in the treatment of anaphylaxis. All patients at risk for recurrence in the community should be equipped with 1 or more epinephrine autoinjectors; a written, personalized anaphylaxis emergency action plan; and up-to-date medical identification. Improvements in the design of epinephrine autoinjectors will help to optimize ease of use and safety. Randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic agents, such as antihistamines and glucocorticoids, are needed to strengthen the evidence base for treatment of acute anaphylactic episodes.

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Section: Pathogenesis Triggers Of Anaphylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confirmation Of the Triggers Of Anaphylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaphylaxis

Simons

2010

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

395

380

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“…Consequently, the likelihood of exposure to different orders and families of stinging or biting insects and the risk of anaphylaxis from these insects also differs. [68][69][70][71] Stinging insects (order Hymenoptera) have been extensively studied in relationship to anaphylaxis only in Europe, North America, and Australia. Anaphylaxis triggered by biting insects, for example, kissing bugs (order Hemiptera), mosquitoes (order Diptera), and ticks (order Acarina), is not optimally studied.…”

Section: Triggers Of Anaphylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,[22][23][24][25]32,59,72,73 An important exception to this statement is the use of subcutaneous immunotherapy with the relevant insect venom(s) to prevent recurrence of stinging insect anaphylaxis. [68][69][70][135][136][137] Management of Relevant Concomitant Diseases. Regular follow-up of all patients at risk for anaphylaxis recurrences is an important aspect of long-term risk reduction and prevention of future episodes 2,32 (Fig.…”

Section: Prevention Of Anaphylaxis Recurrencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines: Summary

Simons

Ardusso

Bilò

et al. 2011

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

509

591

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“…Solenopsis sp. have so far also been found in Saudi Arabia and in Australia where also allergic reactions have been described [45]. Pachycondyla sp.…”

Section: Systemic Reactions To Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Systemic Immediate Allergic Reactions to Arthropod Stings and Bites

Bircher

2005

Dermatology

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Most of the encounters with biting and stinging insects result in more or less pronounced localized reactions. Typically, urticarial wheals and papular reactions are observed. Less often local bullous or hemorrhagic or disseminated papular reactions, particularly in children and immunologically naive adults, may be seen. With the exception of bee and wasp venom allergies, immediate-type allergic reactions to arthropod stings and bites are rare. Systemic IgE-mediated hypersensitivity has also been reported from additional hymenoptera species, e.g. hornets, bumble bees and ants. Rare are systemic reactions to mosquitoes, flies or kissing bugs and exceptional from ticks, bed bugs, moths, caterpillars and spiders. A major problem is the often lacking standardization of extracts for skin testing and for the determination of specific IgE. Some of the allergens have been characterized and few of them synthesized using recombinant techniques. Most investigations have been made with whole-body extracts or extracts from salivary glands, while desensitization has rarely been attempted. Currently, primary prevention by avoidance of stings and bites, and adequate instruction of sensitized individuals in the use of emergency drugs are mandatory.

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Ant allergy in Asia and Australia

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis

World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines: Summary

Systemic Immediate Allergic Reactions to Arthropod Stings and Bites

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