Anoxybacillus gonensis sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic, xylose-utilizing, endospore-forming bacterium

Abstract

Seven closely related xylanolytic, thermophilic bacilli were isolated from mud and water samples from the Gonen and Diyadin hot springs, respectively located in the Turkish provinces of Balikesir and Agri. On the basis of morphology and biochemical characteristics, one of the isolates, designated strain G2 T , was studied further. Strain G2 T is a xylanolytic, sporulating, Grampositive, rod-shaped bacterium. The isolate is a thermophilic (optimum temperature for growth, 55-60˚C), facultative anaerobe that grows on a wide range of carbon sources, including glucose, starch, xylose and mannitol. It expressed a high level of xylose isomerase activity on xylose and also on glucose. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this isolate resembled Anoxybacillus flavithermus DSM 2641 T (>97 % similarity), but 16S-23S rDNA internally transcribed spacer polymorphism PCR showed variation between DSM 2641 T and isolate G2 T . However, it is also known that analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences may be insufficient to distinguish between some species. In DNA-DNA hybridization, thermophilic isolate G2 T showed relatedness of 53?4 % to A. flavithermus and about 45?0 % to Anoxybacillus pushchinoensis, indicating that it is distinct at the species level. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is proposed that strain G2 T (=NCIMB 13933 T =NCCB 100040 T ) be designated as the type strain of Anoxybacillus gonensis sp. nov.It is now over a century since thermophiles were first reported (Miquel, 1888). Over the years, a number of sporeforming thermophiles have been reported, mainly in the genera Bacillus and Clostridium (Guagliardi et al., 1996).In this study, we isolated some thermophilic bacilli from the Gonen and Diyadin hot springs, respectively located in the Turkish provinces of Balikesir and Agri. On the basis of preliminary experiments, a representative strain appeared to differ from other thermophilic bacilli with respect to the utilization of xylose; it was therefore characterized further. Xylose isomerase is an intracellular enzyme that catalyses the conversion of D-xylose to D-xylulose. Its practical significance stems from its ability to isomerize D-glucose to D-fructose. Therefore, this enzyme is often referred to as glucose isomerase and is widely used in industry for the production of high-fructose corn syrup.The present paper describes the isolation, morphological, physiological and biochemical profiles and 16S rRNA sequence of this strain and the results of DNA-DNA hybridization with close relatives and proposes that it represents a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus (Pikuta et al., 2000), Anoxybacillus gonensis sp. nov. Isolation of strainsSeven Gram-positive rods were isolated from mud and water samples from the Gonen and Diyadin hot springs. The water temperature of these hot springs is around 70 uC. After collection, mud and water samples were used immediately for enrichment in nutrient broth at 60-70 uC. Oneday-old enrichment cultures were repeatedly subcultured in 10 ml nutrient broth and streaked on ...

Polyamine analysis for chemotaxonomy of thermophilic eubacteria: Polyamine distribution profiles within the orders Aquificales, Thermotogales, Thermodesulfobacteriales, Thermales, Thermoanaerobacteriales, Clostridiales and Bacillales

“…The thermophilic anaerobes, Gelria (Plugge et al, 2002), Thermanaerovibrio (Baena et al, 1999b), Thermosyntropha (Svetlitshnyi et al, 1996), Thermicanus (Gossner et al, 1999) and Thermobrachium (Engle et al, 1996), and the mesophiles, Aminobacterium and Aminomonas (Baena et al, 1999a(Baena et al, , 2000, and several anaerobes located in the Desulfotomaculum lineage I (Brauman et al, 1998;Fardeau et al, 1995;Imachi et al, 2002;Qiu et al, 2003;Robertson et al, 2001), and the alkaliphilic clostridia, Alkaliphilus (Cao et al, 2003;Takai et al, 2001b) were available in the present study. Polyamines of thermophilic Anoxybacillus and Ureibacillus (Belduz et al, 2003;Fortina et al, 2001;Yumoto et al, 2004), as well as thermoacidophilic Sulfobacillus and Alicyclobacillus (Dufresne et al, 1996;Goto et al, 2002aGoto et al, , b, 2003Matsubara et al, 2002;Tsuruoka et al, 2003), were also determined.…”

Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station

“…Besides the phenotypic similarities, species that belong to the genus Anoxybacillus share common ecological characteristics, too. All of them are thermophiles or moderate thermophiles, with the majority of the species isolated so far originating from thermal springs (Atanassova et al, 2008;Belduz et al, 2003;Cihan et al, 2011Cihan et al, , 2014Dai et al, 2011;Derekova et al, 2007;Dulger et al, 2004;Inan et al, 2013;Poli et al, 2009;Yumoto et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2011Zhang et al, , 2013. The aim of this study was to describe a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus isolated from a geothermal reservoir.…”

“…Species that belong to the genus Anoxybacillus share common characteristics, mainly concerning their major fatty acids (iso-C 17 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 0 ), the rod shape of the vegetative cells and the terminal/subterminal position of their endospores. The DNA G+C content of this genus differs considerably among species, from 37.8 mol % in Anoxybacillus calidus (Cihan et al, 2014) up to 57 mol % in Anoxybacillus gonensis (Belduz et al, 2003). Besides the phenotypic similarities, species that belong to the genus Anoxybacillus share common ecological characteristics, too.…”

“…The name given to the genus suggests that species assigned to it thrive under anoxic conditions, and, indeed, the first species classified as members of the genus Anoxybacillus were aerotolerant anaerobes (Pikuta et al, 2000). Nevertheless, at the time of writing, from the 22 species of the genus Anoxybacillus, 16 are facultative anaerobes (Atanassova et al, 2008;Belduz et al, 2003;Cihan et al, 2011Cihan et al, , 2014Dai et al, 2011;De Clerck et al, 2004;Dulger et al, 2004;Kevbrin et al, 2005;Namsaraev et al, 2010;Poli et al, 2006;Schaffer et al, 2004;Yumoto et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2011), five are strict aerobes (Coorevits et al, 2012;Derekova et al, 2007;Inan et al, 2013;Poli et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2013) and one is an aerotolerant anaerobe (Pikuta et al, 2000). Species that belong to the genus Anoxybacillus share common characteristics, mainly concerning their major fatty acids (iso-C 17 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 0 ), the rod shape of the vegetative cells and the terminal/subterminal position of their endospores.…”

Alkalibacterium psychrotolerans sp. nov., a psychrotolerant obligate alkaliphile that reduces an indigo dye

“…Both Grampositive and Gram-negative alkaliphilic bacteria have been isolated. Alkaliphilic bacteria generally consist of not only aerobic or facultatively anaerobic micro-organisms but also obligate anaerobes; they are divided into psychroalkaliphiles, mesoalkaliphiles, thermoalkaliphiles and haloalkaliphiles (Pikuta et al, 2000;Yumoto et al, 2001Yumoto et al, , 2002Belduz et al, 2003).…”