Another Tonghak Revolution, 1904–1907

Kallander, George L.

doi:10.21313/hawaii/9780824837167.003.0005

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…The peasants who lost their livelihood went into the mountains to avoid tax collection and engaged in slash-and-burn farming. The increase in slash-and-burn populations was another cause of the depletion of forest resources (Kallander 2013: 34). The destruction of forests encroached on animal habitats to again contribute to frequent epidemics.…”

Section: Wars Epidemics and Government Policy Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 A typical example was the case involving Ji-ch’ung Yun (1759–1791 AD), a Catholic convert from Cholla Province, accused by the opposing Confucian political party of violating the Confucian ancestral mourning rite. Yun was eventually martyred for his faith (Kallander 2013: 21). His death paved the way for the ruling Confucian elites to suppress the growing Catholic adherents whose activities they saw as subversive.…”

Section: Advent Of Catholicism and Persecutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advent Of Catholicism and Persecutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From then on, the Chosŏn government regarded the presence of the Catholics “as a precursor to Western subjugation and colonization” (Kallander 2013: 9). The government banned all Catholic religious practices in public and further embarked on widespread persecution of Catholic Christians (Kallander 2013: 3). Despite the government's relentless suppression of Catholicism in Chosŏn, it survived in small groups of followers diffused deep in mountainous areas to practice their beliefs in secret throughout the nineteenth century.…”

Section: Advent Of Catholicism and Persecutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the government's relentless suppression of Catholicism in Chosŏn, it survived in small groups of followers diffused deep in mountainous areas to practice their beliefs in secret throughout the nineteenth century. Against this Socio-politico-religious backdrop, the Tonghak movement emerged in the latter part of the nineteenth century (Kallander 2013: 3).…”

Section: Advent Of Catholicism and Persecutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Climate Change, Inequality, and Vulnerabilities in Pre-Modern Korea: Implications for Mission After COVID-19

Lee

2023

Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission St

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Korea's late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Chosŏn Dynasty is marked by evidence of climate change. A distinctive feature of this period was the frequent outbreak of plagues such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, especially among the less privileged. There was, consequently, a large-scale discontentment among the poor. In this milieu, some local Confucian scholars, dismayed by the prevailing corruption in the central government, withdrew themselves from government business, focused on studying imported Catholic texts from China, and converted to Catholicism. The emergence of indigenous religious movements also reflected this social reality. This paper explores the correlation among climate anomalies, decline in agricultural productivity, competition for limited common resources, heightened social inequality, and frequent plagues, and how Catholicism, an indigenous religious movement, and Protestant Christianity impacted and were impacted by these processes in Korea's late Chosŏn Dynasty. It also suggests missional implications of this in the post-Covid-19 era.

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Section: Wars Epidemics and Government Policy Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advent Of Catholicism and Persecutionmentioning

confidence: 99%