Another Chalcidoid Parasite of a Tick.

Howard, L. O.

doi:10.4039/ent40239-7

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Only a few species of hymenopteran parasites are known to affect ticks. L. O. Howard first described two species of chalcidoid wasps collected from ticks in Texas (Howard, 1907(Howard, , 1908. These are now both included in the genus Ixodiphagus of the family Encyrtidae, which includes seven species, all tick parasites (Trjapitzin, 1985 ;Davis, 1986 ;.…”

Section: P a R A S I T O I D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of ticks

Samish¹,

2004

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Ticks have numerous natural enemies, but only a few species have been evaluated as tick biocontrol agents (BCAs). Some laboratory results suggest that several bacteria are pathogenic to ticks, but their mode of action and their potential value as biocontrol agents remain to be determined. The most promising entomopathogenic fungi appear to be Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, strains of which are already commercially available for the control of some pests. Development of effective formulations is critical for tick management. Entomopathogenic nematodes that are pathogenic to ticks can potentially control ticks, but improved formulations and selection of novel nematode strains are needed. Parasitoid wasps of the genus Ixodiphagus do not typically control ticks under natural conditions, but inundative releases show potential value. Most predators of ticks are generalists, with a limited potential for tick management (one possible exception is oxpeckers in Africa). Biological control is likely to play a substantial role in future IPM programmes for ticks because of the diversity of taxa that show high potential as tick BCAs. Considerable research is required to select appropriate strains, develop them as BCAs, establish their effectiveness, and devise production strategies to bring them to practical use.

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Section: P a R A S I T O I D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of ticks

Samish¹,

2004

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“…Wasp females insert their ovipositors inside the tick and lays eggs (Hu et al, 1998); subsequently, the larval stage of the wasp consumes the entire internal of the engorged tick, and the adult wasp emerges from the tick host 30-57 days following oviposition (Wood, 1911). This wasp was first described parasitizing Rhipicephalus sanguineus in TX, USA (Howard, 1908), as well as other species belonging to the genera Dermacentor (Wood, 1911), Amblyomma (Mwangi et al, 1997), Hyalomma (Cooley, 1930), Haemaphysalis (Doube and Heath, 1975) and Ixodes (Wood, 1911;Boucek and Verny, 1954;Costa-Lima, 1915). Given the wide geographical distribution of these wasps, it is possible that allopatric populations of I. hookeri belong to different taxa (Collatz et al, 2011) and are characterized by different biological behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Amongst the natural enemies of ticks, some parasitoids, such as wasps, have been well studied (Howard, 1908;Cheong et al, 1978). For example, I. hookeri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a wellknown parasitoid of ticks (Wood, 1911;Logan et al, 1985;Mwangi et al, 1994;Tijsse-Klasen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Ixodiphagus hookeri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Southern Italy

Ramos

Campbell

Whittle

et al. 2015

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…Apterencyrtus microphagus (Mayr 1876) Junior synonym of Zaomma lambinus Arhopoideus peregrinus (Compere 1939b) Now placed in Tetracnemoidea Arhopoideus pretiosus (Timberlake 1929) Junior synonym of Tetracnemoidea brevicornis Caenocercus planiformis (Howard 1895a) Now placed in Echthroplexis Chalcaspis arizonensis Girault 1915b Now placed in Aenasius Chalcaspis phenacocci (Ashmead 1902) Now placed in Aenasius Cerchysius hubbardii Ashmead 1900 Now placed in Tineophoctonus Chrysopophagus amplicornis (Gahan 1914) Synonymized under Cheiloneurus banksi by Trjapitzin & Zuparko (2005) Chrysopophagus compressicornis Ashmead 1894 Now placed in Cheiloneurus Encyrtus albicoxa (Ashmead 1885) Junior synonym of Encyrtus aurantii Encyrtus barbatus Timberlake 1919b Junior synonym of Encyrtus aurantii Encyrtus bicolor Junior synonym of Encyrtus aurantii Encyrtus californicus (Girault 1917d) Junior synonym of Encyrtus fuscus Erythraphycus argyrocomus Compere 1947 Now placed in Metaphycus Erythraphycus calvus Compere 1947 Now placed in Metaphycus Erythraphycus matteolus Compere 1947 Now placed in Metaphycus Hunterellus hookeri Howard 1908 Now placed in Ixodiphagus Leptomastidea claripennis (Timberlake 1918) Now placed in Gyranusoidea Melanaphycus clauseni (Timberlake 1918) Now placed in Metaphycus Melanaphycus fumipennis (Timberlake 1918) Now placed in Metaphycus Melanaphycus fuscipennis (Howard 1898a) Now placed in Metaphycus Microterys claripennis Compere 1928 Now placed in Metablastothrix Microterys dubiosus (Dalla Torre 1898)…”

Section: Homalotylus Terminalis Hippodamia Convergens Guerin-menevillementioning

confidence: 99%

Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)

Zuparko

2015

Zootaxa

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Based on examination of the literature and specimens, 208 described species in 90 genera of Encyrtidae are listed from California. Data on the original publication, deposition of types, geographic distribution and host records of these species are presented. Forty-three species were established in biocontrol programs, 157 are presumed native, 7 appear to be adventitious introductions, and the origin of one is undetermined. An additional 276 morphospecies are also listed as present in the state within an additional 21 described genera and potentially up to 20 undescribed genera. Altogether, 31 new genera and 36 new species are recorded for the state, as well as 70 new parasitoid-host records. Errors pertaining to California taxa in previously published papers are corrected. Metaphycus immaculatus (Howard) is reported as a new combination (from Aphycus Mayr). Three appendices are included: a host/parasitoid listing for the described species present in the state, a listing of taxa previously reported from California under invalid names, and a list of taxa either erroneously reported from the state, or unsuccessful biocontrol introductions.

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Another Chalcidoid Parasite of a Tick.

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Biological control of ticks

Biological control of ticks

Occurrence of Ixodiphagus hookeri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Southern Italy

Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)

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