Anorectal function in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease

Chronic constipation in hemiplegic patients

“…Dysphagia, constipation, as well as concomitant occurrence of constipation with dysphagia or with fecal incontinence, did not significantly differ between patients with right or left brain hemispheric lesion, or with different sites of lesion. [11,12] and in many other neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease [13] , multi system atrophy [14] , multiple sclerosis [15] , and Altzheimer disease [3] . Dysphagia [16] and bowel dysfunction are the most frequent gastrointestinal complaints reported after stroke.…”

Constipation Treatment in Neurological Disorders

“…Defecography, anorectal manometry and analsphincter electromyography have been used to study defecation in PD, showing different abnormalities (Stocchi 2000). In a group of patients, anorectal dysfunction caused a paradoxical contraction of voluntary sphincters during defecation, which is believed to be a type of focal dystonia (Mathers et al, 1989).…”

Treatment of dysautonomia in extrapyramidal disorders

“…Anorectal dysfunction, characterized by excessive straining with concomitant sensation of incomplete evacuation and sometimes of pain, is the most prevalent form of bowel dysfunction [12,61]. The treatment of defecation dysfunction is complicated because common laxatives do not improve the coordination of the anorectal muscles but commonly worsen symptoms.…”