Anorectal Cancer and Homosexuality

Kondlapoodi, Preetham

doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03330170022015

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…If it is valid to infer that receptive anal intercourse is very likely to occur for MSM patients the strong association provides an example of the co-integration of effects which is characteristic of a syndemic. An association with anal intercourse may be through transmission of an infective agent such as HPV, or alternatively some substance within semen [79] . Prostaglandins are found in high concentrations in semen and have been demonstrated to enhance tumour production, and further research remains to be done in this area [80] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syndemic synergy of HPV and other sexually transmitted pathogens in the development of high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions

McCloskey

Kast

Flexman

et al. 2017

Papillomavirus Research

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BackgroundAnal intraepithelial neoplasia is associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) as a precursor to anal cancer. However, factors other than hrHPV are likely to be involved and further study of cofactors is required because of the possibility of syndemic interactions.MethodsThree hundred and fourteen patients underwent 457 operations. Histopathology and hrHPV testing using the Digene Hybrid Capture 2 (HC 2) method were performed. Demographic factors and sexually transmissible infections (STIs) were recorded.ResultsResults showed that hrHPV alone was associated with HSIL (OR = 4.65, p < 0.001). None of the other STIs were alone associated with HSIL but amplification of risk was found when hrHPV infection occurred with HIV (OR = 11.1); syphilis (OR = 5.58); HSV 2 (OR = 7.85); gonorrhoea (OR = 6.45) and some other infections.ConclusionsThese results suggest that hrHPV is a sufficient cause of anal HSIL. Seropositivity for HIV, HSV 2, T. pallidum, HBV and HCV and a history of gonorrhoea or chlamydia exert a powerful amplifying factor increasing the risk of HSIL above the risk with hrHPV alone. Other co-factors which are associated with an increased risk of HSIL are increased age, male gender, MSM behaviour and self-reported history of more than 50 sexual partners. This pattern of disease in patients with warts is characteristic of a syndemic with potential serious increased risk of anal carcinoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%