Anopheline bionomics, insecticide resistance and transnational dispersion in the context of controlling a possible recurrence of malaria transmission in Jaffna city in northern Sri Lanka

Surendran, Sinnathamby N.; Jayadas, Tibutius T. P.; Tharsan, Annathurai; Thiruchenthooran, Vaikunthavasan; Santhirasegaram, S.; Sivabalakrishnan, Kokila; Raveendran, Selvarajah; Ramasamy, Ranjan

doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04037-x

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(84 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Anophelines prevalent in Sri Lanka have also been shown to develop in BW habitats in the Jaffna peninsula and along nearby coastal mainland areas, including the well-known malaria vectors Anopheles culicifacies [ 14 , 39 ] and An. stephensi [ 15 ]. The entire human population of the peninsula relies on groundwater extracted from the aquifers to meet all water needs (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These indices show that the current management approach has been ineffective in the Jaffna peninsula and also that there is a very high risk of dengue epidemics [ 50 , 51 ], emphasizing the urgent need for more effective preventive measures. The present findings provide important information that is necessary for improving larval source reduction measures by: (i) identifying areas, habitats and times where and when these measures are likely to be most effective; (ii) pinpointing the need for improving waste management; (iii) highlighting the importance of extending control measures to BW habitats, surface drains and domestic wells; (iv) re-emphasizing the need to replace open surface drains with underground drains [ 16 ]; (v) reinforcing the need for using larvivorous fish in both BW and FW domestic wells that have previously been shown to effectively eliminate mosquito larvae in the Jaffna peninsula [ 15 , 52 , 53 ]; (vi) stressing the need for installing mosquito-proof coverings for domestic wells and water storage tanks; (vii) underscoring the need for improving surveillance and research on both adult and preimaginal stages of Aedes vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preimaginal stages were collected from habitats using a standard procedure consisting of ten dips with 350-ml dippers for water containers with wide openings (e.g. for drains and water storage tanks), pipetting with 5-ml plastic pipettes for smaller containers and ten dips with string-connected conical drop nets (diameter: 15 cm, depth: 10 cm) for wells, as described previously [ 15 ]. Sampling was performed in all selected potential habitats regardless of the presence or absence of preimaginal stages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larval bionomics of anopheline mosquitoes in Jaffna city was recently described in the context of controlling a potential resumption of malaria transmission [ 15 ]. In contrast, only a very limited number of studies have been performed on the bionomics of Aedes vectors in the Jaffna peninsula [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The larval bionomics of Aedes across the Jaffna peninsula in northern Sri Lanka was investigated to obtain information needed for developing more effective larval source reduction measures to control endemic arboviral diseases. Methods The habitats of preimaginal stages of Aedes mosquitoes were surveyed, and ovitrap collections were carried out in densely populated areas of the Jaffna peninsula. Aedes larval productivities were analysed against habitat characteristics, rainfall and dengue incidence. Adults emerging from collected larvae were tested for dengue virus (DENV). Results Only Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ae. vittatus were identified in the field habitat collections and ovitraps. Aedes aegypti was the predominant species in both the field habitat and ovitrap collections, followed by Ae. albopictus and small numbers of Ae. vittatus. Tires and open drains were the preferred field habitats for Ae. aegypti, although larval productivity was higher in discarded plastic containers. The three Aedes species differed in field habitat preferences. Concomitant presence of the three Aedes species was observed in the field habitats and ovitraps. Larval productivities were inversely correlated with the salinity of the field habitat. Rainfall in the preceding month significantly correlated with larval productivity in the field habitats. DENV serotype 2 was detected in Ae. aegypti collected from ovitraps in the city of Jaffna. High Breteau, House and Container indices of 5.1, 5.1 and 7.9%, respectively, were observed in the field habitat surveys and ovitrap indices of up to 92% were found in Jaffna city. Conclusions Aedes larval indices in populated areas of the peninsula showed a high potential for dengue epidemics. Unacceptable littering practices, failure to implement existing dengue control guidelines, vertical transmission of DENV in vector mosquitoes and preimaginal development in brackish water and open surface drains, as well as in domestic wells that provide potable water, are serious constraints to the current Aedes larval source reduction methods used to control dengue in the Jaffna peninsula. Similar shortcomings in arboviral disease control are likely present in other resource-constrained tropical coastal zones worldwide.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been hypothesized that extensive use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets for minimizing human contact with the endophagic night-feeding anophelines induces selection for mosquito feeding earlier in an evening before people go to beds or even biting outdoors 52,53 . Furthermore, mosquito resistance has been accordingly emergent 54,55 . Vector control of desired impacts can't be achieved by any single method and requires integrated control approaches 56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male swarming aggregation pheromones increase female attraction and mating success among multiple African malaria vector mosquito species

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accumulating behavioural data indicate that aggregation pheromones may mediate formation and sustaining of swarms of mosquitoes. However, chemical cues possibly luring mosquitoes to swarms have not been adequately investigated and the likely molecular incitants of these complex reproductive behaviours remain unknown. Here we show that males of important malaria vector species Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae produce and release aggregation pheromones that attract individuals to the swarm, and enhance mating success. We found that males of both species released significantly higher amounts of 3-hydroxi-2-butanon (acetoin), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone), octanal, nonanal, and decanal during swarming in the laboratory. Males fed with stable isotope-labelled glucose, revealed that these five compounds were produced by them. A blend composed of synthetic analogues to these swarming odours proved highly attractive to virgin males and females of both species under laboratory conditions and significantly increased mating in five African malaria vectors: An. gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii, An. arabiensis, Anopheles merus and Anopheles funestus in semi-field experiments. Our results not only narrow a conspicuous gap in understanding a vital aspect of the chemical ecology of male mosquitoes but also demonstrate fundamental roles of rhythmic and metabolic genes in the physiology and behavioural regulation of these vectors. These identified aggregation pheromones have great potential for exploitation against these highly dangerous insects. Anopheles males, as among many other mosquito species, form mating swarms 1 that vary in size and temporal stability [2][3][4] . Wild Anopheles males swarm during sunset 1,5-7 and are often found near contrasting shade ground features, presumably guided by that visual cue 1,4,5,8 . Factors and mechanisms of swarming initiation in mosquitoes are still debatable 9 . A few studies have shown that initiation of swarming in mosquitoes is governed by the inherent circadian clock 10,11 and fine-tuned by environmental conditions [12][13][14] . However, very little is known about chemical cues that may mediate the formation and maintenance of male swarms and attracting females to those swarms in order to copulate 15 .2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-dione was isolated from males and females of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and stimulated swarming behaviour by increasing number of swarming males and extending activity in a dose depending manner 15 .Another study revealed that under laboratory conditions, swarming of Ae. aegypti males was triggered with a host odour at the onset of scotophase but chemical cues remain unknown 16 .Behavioural tests showed that volatiles released from alive or dead males of three Culex species attracted significantly more conspecific females than the control odour without males 17 pointing out that attraction of females to swarms may be mediated by a sex pheromone. 1-(4-Ethylphenyl) ethanone, produced by both sexes of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, elicited attraction ...

show abstract

Distribution and seasonal variation of malaria vectors in the Mannar and Jaffna Districts; an entomological investigation during the phase of prevention of re-establishment of malaria in Sri Lanka

Jude,

Gunathilaka,

Wijerathna

et al. 2023

Int J Trop Insect Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anopheline bionomics, insecticide resistance and transnational dispersion in the context of controlling a possible recurrence of malaria transmission in Jaffna city in northern Sri Lanka

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka

Aedes larval bionomics and implications for dengue control in the paradigmatic Jaffna peninsula, northern Sri Lanka

Male swarming aggregation pheromones increase female attraction and mating success among multiple African malaria vector mosquito species

Distribution and seasonal variation of malaria vectors in the Mannar and Jaffna Districts; an entomological investigation during the phase of prevention of re-establishment of malaria in Sri Lanka

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About