Anopheles Species Composition and Breeding Habitat Characterisation in Chiredzi District, Zimbabwe

Zengenene, Munyaradzi Prince; Soko, White; Brooke, Basil D.; Koekemoer, Lizette L.; Govere, J.; Mazarire, Theresa Taona; Mberikunashe, Joseph; Munhenga, Givemore

doi:10.4001/003.028.0084

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…funestus becoming more common and taking over as the probable main malaria vector, especially given its strong endophilic and anthropophagic habits. Worth noting are the recent findings of Zengenene et al [32], who report on limited collections of Anopheles adults and larvae from the Chiredzi District in Zimbabwe, directly adjacent to our Limpopo Valley study area and at collection sites located a relatively short distance of approximately 130-150 km from our primary sampling areas. From a total of 153 Anopheles collected, no specimens of An.…”

Section: Surveys In Surrounding Areasmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Malaria Vectors and Vector Surveillance in Limpopo Province (South Africa): 1927 to 2018

Braack

Bornman

Kruger

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Despite the annual implementation of a robust and extensive indoor residual spraying programme against malaria vectors in Limpopo Province (South Africa), significant transmission continues and is a serious impediment to South Africa’s malaria elimination objectives. In order to gain a better understanding regarding possible causes of this residual malaria, we conducted a literature review of the historical species composition and abundance of malaria vector mosquitoes in the Limpopo River Valley region of the Vhembe District, northern Limpopo Province, the region with the highest remaining annual malaria cases in South Africa. In addition, mosquito surveys were carried out in the same region between October 2017 and October 2018. A total of 2225 adult mosquitoes were collected using CO2-baited tent and light traps, human landing catches and cow-baited traps. Of the 1443 Anopheles collected, 516 were members of the An. gambiae complex and 511 An. funestus group. In the malaria endemic rural areas outside the Kruger National Park, one specimen each of An. gambiae s.s. and An. funestus and only three of An. arabiensis were collected. The latter species was abundant at a remote hot spring in the neighboring Kruger National Park. Eighteen other species of Anopheles were collected. Our survey results support the historical findings that An. arabiensis, the species widely held to be the prime malaria vector in South Africa, is a rare species in the malaria endemic Limpopo River Valley. The implications of the mosquito surveys for malaria transmission, elimination and vector control in northern Limpopo Province and neighboring regions are discussed.

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Section: Surveys In Surrounding Areasmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…However, its identity is confirmed and An. funestus is known to occur commonly in neighboring Zimbabwe at sampling sites approximately 130 km away [32]. While An.…”

Section: /2018 Vector Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Vectors and Vector Surveillance in Limpopo Province (South Africa): 1927 to 2018

Braack

Bornman

Kruger

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…arabiensis were the most important vectors of malaria transmission in Mutare and Mutasa Districts of Zimbabwe [18] while Zengenene et al, (2020) identi ed the An. funestus as the only malaria vector in their study conducted in Chiredzi District, Zimbabwe [19]. A similar ecological study in Kenya urban reported that larval sites were man-made and the largest proportion of habitats were observed in unplanned, and poorly drained areas [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Characterization of Potential Larval Habitats and Spatial Distribution of Anopheles Species Larvae During the Dry Season in Mutare City, Zimbabwe: a Cross-sectional Study

Makuwaza

Mundagowa

Gowera

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Malaria is traditionally known to be concentrated in rural areas but the disease is increasingly becoming a major public health problem for urban settlements in Africa. National malaria reports show that Mutare City had the greatest endemic malaria burden among all urban settlements in Zimbabwe. To prevent malaria outbreaks, it is essential to monitor malaria vectors in populous urban centers to establish the foci of the vectors while they are still small. This study sought to identify, describe, quantify, geocode mosquito potential larval habitats and their spatial distribution within the city. Methods: Mutare City was divided into four regions and the study was conducted from June to November 2019. Larval sampling of 223 potential habitats was done and the collected larvae were reared until they became adult mosquitoes before being morphologically identified using the keys developed by Gillies and Coetzee. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info version 7.2.1.0 statistical package.Results: Anopheline speciation showed that the city was infested with Anopheles funestus (4.9%), An. arabiensis (0.3%), An. pretoriensis (91.3%) An. coustani (0.5%), An. rufipes (2.8%), and An. maculipalpis (0.2%). Overall, An. funestus group was the predominant with An. arabiensis complex less common. The species composition of An. funestus group varied significantly among the sampling habitats. Results showed most mosquito breeding habitats were due to human activities such as agriculture, earth mining, and leaking piped water valves. The digging of shallow wells for domestic use in the high-density areas also contributed to the increase in mosquito breeding habitats.Conclusion: The most significant malaria vectors in the city were An. funestus ss and An. arabiensis. The proliferation of larval habitat hotspots in Mutare City was being fueled by human activities related to earning a living and housing construction. Effective interventions for enhanced larval source management could use a multi-sectoral approach involving all the urban stakeholders. Considering the rapid expansion of the city, more investment is needed to target the most productive habitats by fixing leaking water pipes and frequent application of larvicides with greater residual activity to treat permanent habitats particularly before the rainy season.

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“…Matebeleland south province where Umzingwane district is located has been reeling with the surge of malaria disease. Also, in the Chiredzi district in Masvingo province, Zengenene et al (2020) allude that malaria prevalence is always recurrent. As such, rural farmers' meagre resources have been channeled towards meeting health care costs among other exigencies (Tapera 2019).…”

Section: Outbreak Of Health Emergenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Effective Climate Change Management in Zimbabwe’s Rural Communities

Nyahunda

Tirivangasi

2021

African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation

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The daunting effects of climate change are more visible and acute among rural people in most developing countries. Smallholder farmers in rural communities are more encumbered by climate change impacts and they have been reeling with climate induced shocks for some time. Their vulnerability to climate change impacts is aggravated by high dependence on the climate volatile natural resource base, high poverty levels, lack of adaptive capacity, low educational levels, and lack of technoscience-based technologies among other key compounding factors. In the light of this, Zimbabwe is still crawling to implement and administer effective climate change management measures aimed at disaster risk reduction and management, vulnerability reduction, social resilience, and capacity building because of political and socioeconomic quagmires trapping the country. Consequently, rural people are the hardest hit by these developments. Climate change management connotes a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases and adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects, in order to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities through mitigation and adaptation. Nevertheless, rural people are on record of engaging in a plethora of activities to manage climate change and its actual or potential risks. However, their efforts are marred by an avalanche of setbacks which serve as barriers to climate change management. Against this backdrop, this book chapter intends to delineate the factors serving as barriers to climate change management in Zimbabwe’s rural communities.

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Anopheles Species Composition and Breeding Habitat Characterisation in Chiredzi District, Zimbabwe

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Malaria Vectors and Vector Surveillance in Limpopo Province (South Africa): 1927 to 2018

Malaria Vectors and Vector Surveillance in Limpopo Province (South Africa): 1927 to 2018

Characterization of Potential Larval Habitats and Spatial Distribution of Anopheles Species Larvae During the Dry Season in Mutare City, Zimbabwe: a Cross-sectional Study

Barriers to Effective Climate Change Management in Zimbabwe’s Rural Communities

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