Anopheles gambiae immune gene variants associated with natural Plasmodium infection

Luckhart, Shirley; Li, Keying; Dunton, Raymond F.; Lewis, Edwin E.; Crampton, Andrea; Ryan, Jeffrey R.; Rosenberg, Ronald

doi:10.1016/s0166-6851(03)00016-1

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Most previous genetic studies of A. gambiae susceptibility to P. falciparum were laboratory studies, and the traits were not tested in the natural population. Several previous genetic association studies of susceptibility were done in the natural vector population, but the variants were not geographically replicated, and the frequencies of the traits in nature were not determined (Harris et al, 2010; Horton et al, 2010; Luckhart et al, 2003; Riehle et al, 2006; Mitri et al, 2015b). Thus, based on results of the current study, the 2La inversion is, to our knowledge, the only frequent and widespread natural genetic polymorphism with significant influence on P. falciparum infection rates in the vector population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anopheles gambiae 2La chromosome inversion is associated with susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum in Africa

Riehle

Bukhari

Gnémé

et al. 2017

eLife

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Chromosome inversions suppress genetic recombination and establish co-adapted gene complexes, or supergenes. The 2La inversion is a widespread polymorphism in the Anopheles gambiae species complex, the major African mosquito vectors of human malaria. Here we show that alleles of the 2La inversion are associated with natural malaria infection levels in wild-captured vectors from West and East Africa. Mosquitoes carrying the more-susceptible allele (2L+a) are also behaviorally less likely to be found inside houses. Vector control tools that target indoor-resting mosquitoes, such as bednets and insecticides, are currently the cornerstone of malaria control in Africa. Populations with high levels of the 2L+a allele may form reservoirs of persistent outdoor malaria transmission requiring novel measures for surveillance and control. The 2La inversion is a major and previously unappreciated component of the natural malaria transmission system in Africa, influencing both malaria susceptibility and vector behavior.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25813.001

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anopheles gambiae 2La chromosome inversion is associated with susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum in Africa

Riehle

Bukhari

Gnémé

et al. 2017

eLife

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“…10 The head-thorax of each was enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tested for circumsporozoite (CS) protein, as described below; DNA for species identification was extracted from abdomens preserved in 70% ethanol.…”

Section: Mosquito Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We were unable to consistently amplify DNA from the ELISA lysates. Consequently, we used DNA prepared from abdomens that had been preserved in ethanol from six Anopheles collected in May 2000 from the coastal village Majenjeni and the western village of Kamonye, 10 and whose heads and thoraces had been found ELISA positive for P. vivax CS antigen VK247. The rationale for testing abdomens was that only ∼20% of sporozoites invade the salivary glands 27 ; the rest are distributed throughout the mosquito.…”

Section: Cs Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Transmission of Plasmodium Vivax Among a Duffy Antigen Negative Population in Western Kenya

Ryan¹,

Stoute²,

Amon³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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199

156

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Abstract. We present evidence that a parasite with characteristics of Plasmodium vivax is being transmitted among Duffy blood group-negative inhabitants of Kenya. Thirty-two of 4,901 Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus (0.65%) collected in Nyanza Province were ELISA positive for the P. vivax circumsporozoite protein VK 247. All positives were found late in the rainy season, when An. funestus predominated, and disproportionately many were found at a single village. A P. vivax specific sequence of the SSU rRNA gene was amplified from three of six ELISA-positive mosquitoes. Erythrocytes from 31 children, including 9 microscopically diagnosed as infected with P. vivax, were negative by flow cytometry for the Fy3 or Fy6 epitopes, which indicate Duffy blood group expression. A DNA fragment specific for the C terminus of the gene for P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) was amplified from the blood of four of these children and subsequently sequenced from two.

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“…These differences may have important consequences for vector-pathogen interactions and therefore for vector competence: for example, intraspecific sequence polymorphisms in immune genes have been correlated with the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infections in Anopheles gambiae field populations [6], as well as with refractoriness to the parasite [7]. There is also ample evidence that A. aegypti populations from different geographical locations vary in vector competence for arboviruses, including the four DENV serotypes [8]–[11], although this variation has not been specifically correlated with polymorphisms of immune genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Profiling of Diverse Aedes aegypti Strains Reveals Increased Basal-level Immune Activation in Dengue Virus-refractory Populations and Identifies Novel Virus-vector Molecular Interactions

et al. 2013

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Genetic variation among Aedes aegypti populations can greatly influence their vector competence for human pathogens such as the dengue virus (DENV). While intra-species transcriptome differences remain relatively unstudied when compared to coding sequence polymorphisms, they also affect numerous aspects of mosquito biology. Comparative molecular profiling of mosquito strain transcriptomes can therefore provide valuable insight into the regulation of vector competence. We established a panel of A. aegypti strains with varying levels of susceptibility to DENV, comprising both laboratory-maintained strains and field-derived colonies collected from geographically distinct dengue-endemic regions spanning South America, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia. A comparative genome-wide gene expression microarray-based analysis revealed higher basal levels of numerous immunity-related gene transcripts in DENV-refractory mosquito strains than in susceptible strains, and RNA interference assays further showed different degrees of immune pathway contribution to refractoriness in different strains. By correlating transcript abundance patterns with DENV susceptibility across our panel, we also identified new candidate modulators of DENV infection in the mosquito, and we provide functional evidence for two potential DENV host factors and one potential restriction factor. Our comparative transcriptome dataset thus not only provides valuable information about immune gene regulation and usage in natural refractoriness of mosquito populations to dengue virus but also allows us to identify new molecular interactions between the virus and its mosquito vector.

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Anopheles gambiae immune gene variants associated with natural Plasmodium infection

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

The Anopheles gambiae 2La chromosome inversion is associated with susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum in Africa

The Anopheles gambiae 2La chromosome inversion is associated with susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum in Africa

Evidence for Transmission of Plasmodium Vivax Among a Duffy Antigen Negative Population in Western Kenya

Transcriptomic Profiling of Diverse Aedes aegypti Strains Reveals Increased Basal-level Immune Activation in Dengue Virus-refractory Populations and Identifies Novel Virus-vector Molecular Interactions

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