Anonymous Charging and Billing of Electric Vehicles

P4G2Go: A Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Roaming Energy Consumers of the Smart Grid-to-Go

“…A large part of it is dedicated to proposing anonymous authentication and authorization mechanisms for EVs, considering also the identity of their users [18][19][20][21][22]. Another common problem that has received significant attention from researchers is the billing and payment processes [12,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. Research works that deliver solutions to the aforementioned critical topics but do not specifically consider the roaming charging scenario, are out of the scope of this study.…”

“…Finally, the work carried out in [28] has revealed the shortcomings of existing and upcoming Plug-and-Charge standards (ISO 15188, Open Charge Point Protocol, and Open Interchange Protocol) where, based on the authors' analysis, no measures have been defined for protecting the privacy-sensitive charging and billing user data, and avert the generation of movement profiles. The authors have in turn proposed extensions to the aforementioned protocols to address these flaws, leveraging group signatures and a Direct Anonymous Attestation technique that employs a Trusted Platform Module installed in the vehicle, introducing only minimal overhead to the original Plug-and-Charge process.…”

“…The privacy requirements set for G2Go are mainly mobility-related and for this purpose, previous work considering the roaming electric vehicle charging scenario has been used as a basis for their definition [16,26,28]. The only exception to the above is the privacypreserving data aggregation requirement, an objective of great significance for the users to be able to maintain their privacy, that was usually encountered in fixed-location smart grid networks [11,40,41] until recently [42]:…”

Security Analysis of Automotive Protocols

“…Höfer et al [2013] analyze the privacy of ISO 15118 and propose the privacy protocol extension POPCORN. A discussion of privacy aspects and a proposal for a Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) protocol using a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) for improving privacy is presented in [Zelle et al 2018]. Securing ISO 15118 credentials with a HSM and concrete protocol extensions are discussed by Fuchs et al [Fuchs et al 2020a,b,c].…”

HIP-20: Integration of Vehicle-HSM-Generated Credentials into Plug-and-Charge Infrastructure

“…Using a TPM in EVs was also already discussed. In [Zelle et al 2018;Zhao et al 2015], solutions for preventing the generation of movement profiles based on the charging data using a TPM and Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) protocols are proposed. Privacy-aware architectures for vehicle-to-grid networks are presented in [Ghosh et al 2013] and [Saxena et al 2017].…”