Anonymized Distributed PHR Using Blockchain for Openness and Non-repudiation Guarantee

Mendes, David; Rodrigues, Irene Pimenta; Fonseca, César; Lopes, Manuel José; Garcí­a-Alonso, José; Berrocal, Javier

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00066-0_45

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For example, non-repudiation assures others about the creator and origin of data when each user is responsible for creating their data. Besides this, non-repudiation also confirms the data integrity of the users in the network [212].…”

Section: Security Propertiessupporting

confidence: 55%

A Taxonomy Study on Securing Blockchain-based Industrial Applications: An Overview, Application Perspectives, Requirements, Attacks, Countermeasures, and Open Issues

Hameed¹,

Barika²,

Garg³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Blockchain technology has taken on a leading role in today's industrial applications by providing salient features and showing significant performance since its beginning. Blockchain began its journey from the concept of cryptocurrency and is now part of a range of core applications to achieve resilience and automation between various tasks. With the integration of Blockchain technology into different industrial applications, many application designs, security and privacy challenges present themselves, posing serious threats to users and their data. Although several approaches have been proposed to address the specific security and privacy needs of targeted applications with functional parameters, there is still a need for a research study on the application, security and privacy challenges, and requirements of Blockchain-based industrial applications, along with possible security threats and countermeasures. This study presents a state-of-the-art survey of Blockchain-based Industry 4.0 applications, focusing on crucial application and security and privacy requirements, as well as corresponding attacks on Blockchain systems with potential countermeasures. We also analyse and provide the classification of different security and privacy techniques used in these applications to enhance the advancement of security features. Furthermore, we highlight some open issues in industrial applications that help to design secure Blockchain-based applications as future directions.

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Section: Security Propertiessupporting

confidence: 55%

A Taxonomy Study on Securing Blockchain-based Industrial Applications: An Overview, Application Perspectives, Requirements, Attacks, Countermeasures, and Open Issues

Hameed¹,

Barika²,

Garg³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Li et al [ 20 ] presented a medical data preservation system based on the real-world blockchain platform Ethereum, which provides a trustworthy storage solution to ensure the primitiveness and verifiability of stored data. Mendes et al [ 22 ] presented a Smart Ambient Assisted Living environment, which uses blockchain technology to enhance data privacy and cognitive security in the health care sector. As noted above, out of the 22 included papers, 3 (14%) were high-quality papers, 9 (41%) were moderate-quality papers, and 10 (45%) were low-quality papers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kleinaki et al [ 28 ] implemented a blockchain-based notarization service that uses smart digital contracts to secure data in the biomedical research sector. A study by Mendes et al [ 22 ] showed that after the retrieval process, retrieved data cannot be modified, which ensures the integrity and nonrepudiation of the data. Using blockchain technology, data versioning was achieved where medical evidence of different versions of data retrieved from a biomedical database were securely stored and saved, along with content that is continually updated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Blockchain Technology in the Health Care Sector: Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Background Blockchain technology is a part of Industry 4.0’s new Internet of Things applications: decentralized systems, distributed ledgers, and immutable and cryptographically secure technology. This technology entails a series of transaction lists with identical copies shared and retained by different groups or parties. One field where blockchain technology has tremendous potential is health care, due to the more patient-centric approach to the health care system as well as blockchain’s ability to connect disparate systems and increase the accuracy of electronic health records. Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review studies on the use of blockchain technology in health care and to analyze the characteristics of the studies that have implemented blockchain technology. Methods This study used a systematic review methodology to find literature related to the implementation aspect of blockchain technology in health care. Relevant papers were searched for using PubMed, SpringerLink, IEEE Xplore, Embase, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. A quality assessment of literature was performed on the 22 selected papers by assessing their trustworthiness and relevance. Results After full screening, 22 papers were included. A table of evidence was constructed, and the results of the selected papers were interpreted. The results of scoring for measuring the quality of the publications were obtained and interpreted. Out of 22 papers, a total of 3 (14%) high-quality papers, 9 (41%) moderate-quality papers, and 10 (45%) low-quality papers were identified. Conclusions Blockchain technology was found to be useful in real health care environments, including for the management of electronic medical records, biomedical research and education, remote patient monitoring, pharmaceutical supply chains, health insurance claims, health data analytics, and other potential areas. The main reasons for the implementation of blockchain technology in the health care sector were identified as data integrity, access control, data logging, data versioning, and nonrepudiation. The findings could help the scientific community to understand the implementation aspect of blockchain technology. The results from this study help in recognizing the accessibility and use of blockchain technology in the health care sector.

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“…Blockchain technology has great potential for electronic health records [ 13 ]. The core of the blockchain model ensures that any information involved has nonrepudiation to maintain the correctness of the historical process records [ 14 ]. Gary et al [ 15 ] Reviewed the current PHR definitions and multiple blockchain architectures for PHR management and found that blockchain technology is a key requirement for the management of consent to use private health data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Architecture and Management Platform for Blockchain-Based Personal Health Record Exchange: Development and Usability Study

Lee¹,

Kung²,

Udayasankaran³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

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Background Personal health record (PHR) security, correctness, and protection are essential for health and medical services. Blockchain architecture can provide efficient data retrieval and security requirements. Exchangeable PHRs and the self-management of patient health can offer many benefits to traditional medical services by allowing people to manage their own health records for disease prevention, prediction, and control while reducing resource burdens on the health care infrastructure and improving population health and quality of life. Objective This study aimed to build a blockchain-based architecture for an international health record exchange platform to ensure health record confidentiality, integrity, and availability for health management and used Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource international standards as the data format that could allow international, cross-institutional, and patient/doctor exchanges of PHRs. Methods The PHR architecture in this study comprised 2 main components. The first component was the PHR management platform, on which users could upload PHRs, view their record content, authorize PHR exchanges with doctors or other medical health care providers, and check their block information. When a PHR was uploaded, the hash value of the PHR would be calculated by the SHA-256 algorithm and the PHR would be encrypted by the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman encryption mechanism before being transferred to a secure database. The second component was the blockchain exchange architecture, which was based on Ethereum to create a private chain. Proof of authority, which delivers transactions through a consensus mechanism based on identity, was used for consensus. The hash value was calculated based on the previous hash value, block content, and timestamp by a hash function. Results The PHR blockchain architecture constructed in this study is an effective method for the management and utilization of PHRs. The platform has been deployed in Southeast Asian countries via the Asia eHealth Information Network (AeHIN) and has become the first PHR management platform for cross-region medical data exchange. Conclusions Some systems have shown that blockchain technology has great potential for electronic health record applications. This study combined different types of data storage modes to effectively solve the problems of PHR data security, storage, and transmission and proposed a hybrid blockchain and data security approach to enable effective international PHR exchange. By partnering with the AeHIN and making use of the network’s regional reach and expert pool, the platform could be deployed and promoted successfully. In the future, the PHR platform could be utilized for the purpose of precision and individual medicine in a cross-country manner because of the platform’s provision of a secure and efficient PHR sharing and management architecture, making it a reasonable base for future data collection sources and the data analytics needed for precision medicine.

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Anonymized Distributed PHR Using Blockchain for Openness and Non-repudiation Guarantee

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

A Taxonomy Study on Securing Blockchain-based Industrial Applications: An Overview, Application Perspectives, Requirements, Attacks, Countermeasures, and Open Issues

A Taxonomy Study on Securing Blockchain-based Industrial Applications: An Overview, Application Perspectives, Requirements, Attacks, Countermeasures, and Open Issues

The Use of Blockchain Technology in the Health Care Sector: Systematic Review

An Architecture and Management Platform for Blockchain-Based Personal Health Record Exchange: Development and Usability Study

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