Anomie, Spirituality, and Crime

Martín, Randy

doi:10.1177/1043986200016001005

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…They generally agree that anomie for Durkheim refers to "normlessness." The concept is broad and includes powerlessness, alienation and confusion regarding rules (Fischer 1973;Martin 2000;McClosky and Shaar 1965;Thorlindsson and Bernburg 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Social Change and Anomie: A Cross-National Study

Zhao

Cao

2010

Social Forces

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We apply Durkheim's social transitional theory to explain the variation of anomie in 30 nations in the world. Combining data from two sources -the 1995 World Values Survey and the United Nations University's World Income Inequality Database or WIID -we test the hypothesis that rapid sociopolitical change at the structural level disrupts social integration and regulation, and increases the level of anomie among individuals in a society. Using the multilevel approach that permits the decomposition of variance within and between nations, the results of the analyses confirm that rapid sociopolitical change at the macro level, such as the political transition from totalitarianism to democracy, produces a higher level of anomie among individuals in a society. In addition, we find a cross-level effect of confidence in authority on anomie. Findings at the individual level are largely consistent with Merton's theory of anomie and with the extant literature that anomie is inversely related to an individual's social and economic position in a society.

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confidence: 99%

Social Change and Anomie: A Cross-National Study

Zhao

Cao

2010

Social Forces

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“…Scholars in this tradition have focused on anomie as an individual's sense of self-to-other alienation or distance (Srole, 1956), or as a set of beliefs, feelings and attitudes in the individual's mind (Davol & Reimanis, 1959;McClosky & Schaar, 1965). In general, these approaches to anomie revolve around a psychological state that can be characterized as a tendency to be selfinterested (Konty, 2005), to reject social norms (Baumer, 2007;Bjarnason, 2009), or to feel estranged or isolated from society (Fischer, 1973;Martin, 2000;Srole, 1956). In this conceptualization, anomie may also include a sense that life is meaningless (Martin, 2000;Thorlindsson & Bernburg, 2004), where feelings of purposelessness or powerlessness dominate (for reviews, see Bjarnason, 2009;Form, 1975).…”

Section: Anomie: the Concept And Its Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operationalization of anomie as an individual level construct presents anomie as a state of mind: a set of beliefs, feelings and attitudes in the individual's mind (Davol & Reimanis, 1959;McClosky & Schaar, 1965). The operationalization of anomie as a state of mind has associated anomie with a tendency of individuals to be self-interested (Konty, 2005), normless (Baumer, 2007;Bjarnason, 2009;Menard, 1995), isolated and lonely (Fischer, 1973;Martin, 2000;Srole, 1956), having a felt sense of meaningless (Martin, 2000;Thorlindsson & Bernburg, 2004), and having a felt sense of purposelessness or powerlessness (for reviews, see Bjarnason, 2009;Form, 1975). As a result, the scales that focus on anomie as a state of mind suffer from the problem that the anomie scale is identical to the psychological outcomes that it is intended to predict, thus potentially overlooking the anomie concept itself (Bjarnason, 1998(Bjarnason, , 2009Form, 1975;Hilbert, 1986).…”

Section: Empirical Examinations Of Anomiementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anomie has been associated with a sense of collective helplessness (Martin, 2000;Thorlindsson & Bernburg, 2004) and collective hopelessness (Ådnanes, 2007;Leger, 1980). Some have argued that anomie reduces confidence in society, lowering perceived cohesion (Durkheim, 1897(Durkheim, /1987Orru, 1983;R.…”

Section: Convergent Validity: Studies 2a and 2bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been a great deal of research across different disciplines focusing on the psychological outcomes of living in high anomie contexts. This research has particularly focused on the negative health consequences of perceptions of anomie such as reduced well-being and life satisfaction (Blanco & Díaz, 2007), reduced happiness (Brockmann, Delhey, Welzel, & Yuan, 2009), depression (De Man, Leduc, & LabrecheGauthier, 1993Lantz & Harper, 1990), meaninglessness, helplessness, and confusion (Martin, 2000;Thorlindsson & Bernburg, 2004, for reviews, see Bjarnason, 2009;Form, 1975). Perhanps most striking is the link between perceptions of anomie and suicide (see Durkheim, 1897Durkheim, /1987Messner & Rosenfeld, 2001;Steenvoorden, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Psychology of Anomie

Teymoori¹

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In sociology, anomie refers to a state of society characterized by chaos, the eroding of social regulation and moral values. Drawing upon recent developments in psychology, this thesis presents an analysis of anomie as a psychological construct. More specifically, this thesis aims to develop: a) a psychological conceptualization of anomie, b) a psycho-social analysis of the processes through which anomie leads to psychological outcomes, c) a social psychological conceptualization of individuals' responses to a high anomie contexts, d) a valid and reliable scale to measure anomie, and e) a cross-cultural examination of predictions that are derived from our conceptual framework of anomie.First, we present a historical overview of theoretical and empirical work on anomie (Chapter 2). The historical overview helps us to identify the contentious areas and longstanding problems in anomie literature requiring further development. We extend the theorizing on anomie by developing a psychological conceptualization of anomie (Chapter 3). As a psychological construct, we define anomie as the collective subjective perception about the state of society encompassing two conditions: the breakdown of social fabric (i.e., lack of trust and moral decline) and the breakdown in leadership (i.e., lack of legitimacy and effectiveness). This third chapter also examines individuals' responses to anomie. This is important to overcome the limitations of existing literature which typically conflates anomie with its outcomes. We argue that the primary psychological effect of anomie is the failure to satisfy four fundamental human needs including a need for a meaningful life, a need for self-esteem, a need to belong, and a need to have a sense of personal and collective control.We argue that there are two key responses to an anomic situation: a contraction of the personal self and a contraction of the social self. Contraction of personal self describes the detrimental consequences of anomie for personal well-being and the way it propels individuals to adopt control-restoring strategies such as authoritarianism. Contraction of social self refers to withdrawal from, and disidentification with, the superordinate group, thereby influencing the way individuals engage and interact with their social world. We argue that contraction of social self manifests itself as tribalism, a response whereby individuals withdraw from superordinate groups (trust becomes bounded) and turn to smaller groups on which they project familial ties.In order to enable an empirical examination of the conceptual framework of the psychology of anomie, we first develop a new measure, Perception of Anomie Scale (PAS, see Chapter 4). We operationalize anomie as a perception of the state of society encompassing two dimensions: perceived breakdown of social fabric and perceived breakdown of leadership. We present the evidence for the validity of the newly developed scale of PAS across six studies. Studies 1a (N = 199, first year psychology students from Australia) and 1b...

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Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Anomie of Students

Bashir

Bala

2018

Psychol Stud

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Anomie, Spirituality, and Crime

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Social Change and Anomie: A Cross-National Study

Social Change and Anomie: A Cross-National Study

The Psychology of Anomie

Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Anomie of Students

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