Anomaly-Induced Inhomogeneous Phase in Quark Matter without the Sign Problem

Brauner, Tomáš; Filios, Georgios; Kolešová, Helena

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.123.012001

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To calculate the chiral condensate Φ ij in the chiral limit, we turn on a small quark mass for a moment, which will be turned off at the end of the computation. The effective Lagrangian induced by the single instanton is [39,43,44] 16) whereã denotes the strength of the U(1) A anomaly in the CFL phase, which can be determined through the instanton-induced six-fermion interaction as [43,44]…”

Section: Jhep07(2020)196mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This CSL is a universal state of matter in that it appears in various systems from condensed matter physics to JHEP07(2020)196 high-energy physics, such as chiral magnets [12,13], cholesteric liquid crystals [14], and QCD at finite µ B in an external magnetic field [15]; see also refs. [16,17] for the CSL in QCD-like theories without the fermion sign problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topological term, QCD anomaly, and the η′ chiral soliton lattice in rotating baryonic matter

Nishimura

Yamamoto

2020

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We study the ground states of low-density hadronic matter and high-density color-flavor locked color superconducting phase in three-flavor QCD at finite baryon chemical potential under rotation. We find that, in both cases under sufficiently fast rotation, the combination of the rotation-induced topological term for the η meson and the QCD anomaly leads to an inhomogeneous condensate of the η meson, known as the chiral soliton lattice (CSL). We find that, when baryon chemical potential is much larger than isospin chemical potential, the critical angular velocity for the realization of the η CSL is much smaller than that for the π 0 CSL found previously. We also argue that the η CSL states in flavor-symmetric QCD at low density and high density should be continuously connected, extending the quark-hadron continuity conjecture in the presence of the rotation.

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Section: Jhep07(2020)196mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological term, QCD anomaly, and the η′ chiral soliton lattice in rotating baryonic matter

Nishimura

Yamamoto

2020

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…QCD-like theories with quarks in real or pseudoreal representations of the gauge group in strong magnetic fields were studied assuming two quark flavors (u and d) of equal masses [4,5]. It can be shown that in this case the determinant of the Dirac operator is positive at finite baryon chemical potential provided the two quark flavors have opposite electric charges:…”

Section: Csl Phase In Qcd-like Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inhomogeneous Phase in Quark Matter without the Sign Problem

Kolešová¹

2021

Proceedings of 40th International Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(ICHEP2020)

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As shown recently, the ground state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in sufficiently strong magnetic fields and at moderate baryon densities carries a crystalline condensate of neutral pions: the chiral soliton lattice (CSL). This phase cannot be realized from first principles using standard lattice Monte Carlo simulations due to the infamous sign problem. On the other hand, we show that CSL, or a similar inhomogeneous phase, also appears in the phase diagram of a class of vector-like gauge theories that do not suffer from the sign problem even in the presence of a baryon chemical potential and external magnetic field. Hence, we give a class of explicit counterexamples to the long-standing conjecture that positivity of the determinant of the Dirac operator (that is, absence of the sign problem) in a vector-like gauge theory precludes spontaneous breaking of translational invariance, and thus implies the absence of inhomogeneous phases in the phase diagram of the theory.

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“…It was shown in ref. [21] that such theories are free of the sign problem in the simultaneous presence of a baryon number chemical potential µ B and an external magnetic field H, provided that the electric charges of the u-type and d-type quarks satisfy the condition q u = −q d . Namely, the Euclidean Dirac operators D u,d of the two quark flavors are then related by the antiunitary mapping…”

Section: Effective Field Theory Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase diagram of the EFT, and thus also of the class of (pseudo)real QCD-like theories considered in this paper, as a function of the dimensionless magnetic field and chemical potential. The figure is adapted from ref [21]…”

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confidence: 99%

Chiral soliton lattice in QCD-like theories

Brauner

Filios

Kolešová

2019

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Recently, it has been shown that the ground state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in sufficiently strong magnetic fields and at moderate baryon number chemical potential carries a crystalline condensate of neutral pions: the chiral soliton lattice (CSL) [1]. While the result was obtained in a model-independent manner using effective field theory techniques, its realization from first principles using lattice Monte Carlo simulation is hampered by the infamous sign problem. Here we show that CSL, or a similar inhomogeneous phase, also appears in the phase diagram of a class of vector-like gauge theories that do not suffer from the sign problem even in the presence of a baryon chemical potential and external magnetic field. We also show that the onset of nonuniform order manifests itself already in the adjacent homogeneous Bose-Einstein-condensation phase through a characteristic roton-like minimum in the dispersion relation of the lowest-lying quasiparticle mode. Last but not least, our work gives a class of explicit counterexamples to the long-standing conjecture that positivity of the determinant of the Dirac operator (that is, absence of the sign problem) in a vector-like gauge theory precludes spontaneous breaking of translational invariance, and thus implies the absence of inhomogeneous phases in the phase diagram of the theory.

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Anomaly-Induced Inhomogeneous Phase in Quark Matter without the Sign Problem

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Topological term, QCD anomaly, and the η′ chiral soliton lattice in rotating baryonic matter

Topological term, QCD anomaly, and the η′ chiral soliton lattice in rotating baryonic matter

An Inhomogeneous Phase in Quark Matter without the Sign Problem

Chiral soliton lattice in QCD-like theories

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