Anomalous temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of molten Sb

Wang, Qiang; Lu, Kunquan; Li, Yanxiang

doi:10.1007/bf03187023

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…While the roughness of typing paper and cotton paper is in micron dimension, and the surface of textiles such as cotton cloth and glass fiber cloth are in millimeter range. The better wettability of GaIn 10 -based liquid metal ink with many either soft or rigid materials owning different surface roughness can be well explained by the existence of gallium oxide in the ink [36]. Clearly, the perfect wettability of GaIn 10 -based liquid metal ink makes it possible to use the room temperature liquid metal to directly and easily draw electrodes and electrical conductors with any desired circuit lines and patterns on a desired substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As is well known, according to the metal conductivity theory, with the increase of the temperature, the atoms in metals will move severely, the vibration amplitude then increases and the structure turns to be more disordered. This would disturb the movement of valence electron, thereby increasing the electrical resistivity of GaIn 10 -based liquid metal [36] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Writing of Flexible Electronics through Room Temperature Liquid Metal Ink

2012

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BackgroundConventional approaches of making a flexible circuit are generally complex, environment unfriendly, time and energy consuming, and thus expensive. Here, we describe for the first time the method of using high-performance GaIn10-based electrical ink, a significantly neglected room temperature liquid metal, as both electrical conductors and interconnects, for directly writing flexible electronics via a rather easy going and cost effective way.MethodsThe new generation electric ink was made and its wettability with various materials was modified to be easily written on a group of either soft or rigid substrates such as epoxy resin board, glass, plastic, silica gel, paper, cotton, textiles, cloth and fiber etc. Conceptual experiments were performed to demonstrate and evaluate the capability of directly writing the electrical circuits via the invented metal ink. Mechanisms involved were interpreted through a series of fundamental measurements.ResultsThe electrical resistivity of the fluid like GaIn10-based material was measured as 34.5 µΩ·cm at 297 K by four point probe method and increased with addition of the oxygen quantity, which indicates it as an excellent metal ink. The conductive line can be written with features that are approximately 10 µm thick. Several functional devices such as a light emitting diode (LED) array showing designed lighting patterns and electrical fan were made to work by directly writing the liquid metal on the specific flexible substrates. And satisfactory performances were obtained.ConclusionsThe present method opens the way to directly and quickly writing flexible electronics which can be as simple as signing a name or drawing a picture on the paper. The unique merit of the GaIn10-based liquid metal ink lies in its low melting temperature, well controlled wettability, high electrical conductivity and good biocompability. The new electronics writing strategy and basic principle has generalized purpose and can be extended to more industrial areas, even daily life.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Writing of Flexible Electronics through Room Temperature Liquid Metal Ink

2012

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“…In addition, the liquid state is the origin of crystalline and some non-crystalline materials. So it is very important to investigate liquid, especially the high temperature melts [1]. However, the research on the structures, properties and evolution behaviors of liquid is far not enough [2].…”

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Structure and property of metal melt III—Relationship between kinematic viscosity and size of atomic clusters

Popel

et al. 2010

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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The method of crucible rotating oscillation damping was employed to measure the kinematic viscosity of aluminum melt, and the curve of viscosity v versus temperature T from 935 to 1383 K was obtained. Besides, based on the calculation model of the evolution behavior of atomic clusters in liquid structure, the curve of atomic clusters size d versus temperature was obtained, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental values. By analyzing experimental data, it was found that both the viscosity and the size of atomic clusters of aluminum melt are monodrome functions of temperature, and the relation between v(T) and d(T) is a linear function, i.e., v = v 0 + K·d(T). This relation indirectly verifies the calculation model of the structural information of metal melt, which is of great significance for studying the relation between melt microstructure and macro-physical properties. kinematic viscosity, atomic cluster, linear relation, melt structural information, model validation PACS: 62.10.+s, 83.85.Jn, 61.25.-f, 61.25.Mv, 61.20.GyAs a kind of primary state of matter, the liquid state has its own special structure and physical properties compared with the solid and gaseous states. In addition, the liquid state is the origin of crystalline and some non-crystalline materials. So it is very important to investigate liquid, especially the high temperature melts [1]. However, the research on the structures, properties and evolution behaviors of liquid is far not enough [2].Since the formula for calculating the viscosity of liquid was deduced according to the radial distribution function and atomic interaction potential, study of the relationship between microstructure and viscosity of liquid metal has been always an important and difficult task in condensed matter physics [3,4]. In the past 60 years, the properties and nature of viscosity were intensively researched, and many theoretical models and empirical formulas were proposed to describe the relationship between viscosity and temperature, viscosity and melt structure [5][6][7][8][9], such as the Born-Green formula built on the distribution function, the Frenkel model based on the cavity theory, the Iida correction model of the Andrade relationship deduced by the Lindemann melting laws and so on, those laid a good foundation for the knowledge of the microstructure of melt through the variation law of viscosity. However, due to the complexity of the microstructure of metal melt and the instability of the measurement of viscosity, the relationship between viscosity and melt structure is still not very clear, and the existing models or formulas cannot directly reflect the simple relationship between them. In this paper we will give a further description on this relationship based on the theory of micro-inhomogeneity of liquid metal.In the authors' previous work, the calculation model for structure information of metal melt was obtained through

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Thermal lens model of Sb thin film in super-resolution near-field structure

Wei

Gan

2003

Applied Physics Letters

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Using a time-resolved dual-beam mode-mismatched thermal lens method, the refractive index change of the Sb thin film with a thickness of 20 nm at the wavelength of 632.8 nm with temperature is measured. According to the results measured and the radial distribution law of the refractive index within the aperture, by considering the aperture as a thermal lens and setting the thickness of Sb thin film being 20 nm, recording or readout laser power 10 mW, the radius of the aperture 200 nm, and laser irradiation time on the Sb thin film 20 ns, the focal length of thermal lens of Sb thin film is 38.5 nm, correspondingly, the focused spot size through the thermal lens can be reduced to about 80 nm, at the same time, the intensity can be approximately increased to 20 times as compared to that of the primary focused spot by lens.

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Anomalous temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of molten Sb

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Direct Writing of Flexible Electronics through Room Temperature Liquid Metal Ink

Direct Writing of Flexible Electronics through Room Temperature Liquid Metal Ink

Structure and property of metal melt III—Relationship between kinematic viscosity and size of atomic clusters

Thermal lens model of Sb thin film in super-resolution near-field structure

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