Abstract:BackgroundThe superficial peroneal nerve is a branch of common peroneal nerve. There are reports about the variant course and distribution of this nerve. The sural nerve arises from the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. The variations of the above nerves described here are unique and provide significant information to surgeons dissecting lower limb.Case presentationThe present case is about some important anatomic variations observed in left lower limb of approximately 55 - year - old male cadaver. The vari… Show more
“…found 1 case of Spn where it's both branches Mdn and Idn emerge separately and SN supply lateral 1½ digits on dorsum of foot which was similar to our type 4b. [9]…”
Background:Cutaneous nerves on the dorsum of foot are at risk for iatrogenic damage while performing arthroscopy, local anaesthetic block, surgical approach to the fibula, open reduction and internal fixation of lateral malleolar fractures, application of external fixators, elevation of a fasciocutaneous or fibular flaps for grafting, surgical decompression of neurovascular structures, or miscellaneous surgery on leg, foot and ankle. Hence the present study was undertaken to classify the different patterns of cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of foot of foetuses which will help in minimizing iatrogenic damage to the nerves.Materials and Methods:A total of 40 lower limbs from 20 foetuses were dissected and the branching patterns of nerves were noted and specimens were photographed.Results:Four distinct patterns of innervation with additional subtypes were identified and designated as Type 1 a-g; 2 a-d; 3; 4 a-c.Conclusion:Detailed knowledge about the pattern of cutaneous innervation of dorsum of foot may decrease the damage to these nerves during operative procedures near the foot and ankle.
“…found 1 case of Spn where it's both branches Mdn and Idn emerge separately and SN supply lateral 1½ digits on dorsum of foot which was similar to our type 4b. [9]…”
Background:Cutaneous nerves on the dorsum of foot are at risk for iatrogenic damage while performing arthroscopy, local anaesthetic block, surgical approach to the fibula, open reduction and internal fixation of lateral malleolar fractures, application of external fixators, elevation of a fasciocutaneous or fibular flaps for grafting, surgical decompression of neurovascular structures, or miscellaneous surgery on leg, foot and ankle. Hence the present study was undertaken to classify the different patterns of cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of foot of foetuses which will help in minimizing iatrogenic damage to the nerves.Materials and Methods:A total of 40 lower limbs from 20 foetuses were dissected and the branching patterns of nerves were noted and specimens were photographed.Results:Four distinct patterns of innervation with additional subtypes were identified and designated as Type 1 a-g; 2 a-d; 3; 4 a-c.Conclusion:Detailed knowledge about the pattern of cutaneous innervation of dorsum of foot may decrease the damage to these nerves during operative procedures near the foot and ankle.
“…The treatment of wounds is an area that has gained a lot of interest from the scientific, medical and industrial communities. For medical device companies, it has been a market that has increased its attractiveness since it involves a large financial dimension around the world, with an annual market for wound care products estimated at $15.3 billion [40]. An increase in the number of advanced and innovative wound dressings is emerging in the market.…”
A todos aqueles que direta ou indiretamente contribuíram para que esta etapa fosse alcançada, o meu profundo agradecimento. Aos meus orientadores, à Vanessa e ao Frédéric, agradeço-vos por toda a confiança depositada e por todo o conhecimento que me transmitiram. A maneira como ambos pensam a ciência e a vossa capacidade multidisciplinar foram sem dúvida a inspiração que me orientou neste trabalho e me irá orientar para o futuro. À Doutora Ana Matias agradeço a oportunidade de me ter permitido desenvolver este trabalho no grupo Nutraceuticals & Bioactives Process Technology. Deixar também uma palavra de profundo agradecimento a todos os membros deste grupo pela ajuda e companheirismo prestado. Um obrigado especial à Carolina e à Ana Roda pelo vosso apoio. À Doutora Teresa Crespo e a todos os membros dos grupos Food Safety & Microbiology e Membrane Processes pela vossa disponibilidade e boa disposição. Ao Baixinho e ao Pedro, obrigado pela vossa presença e por todas as felicidades e tristezas partilhadas ao longo desta caminhada. Um profundo obrigado aos amigos de longa data Simão, Diogo, Pimentel, Louro, Salomé, Melo e David pelo vosso apoio e compreensão da minha ausência nos momentos mais atribulados. Aos grandes amigos de Coimbra, que mesmo longe se fizeram sentir sempre perto, obrigado Costa, Bibiana, Sandro, Cardoso e Daniel. Aos companheiros "lisboetas", obrigado Sofia, Serafim, Tiago e Adriana, que me fizeram sentir menos deslocado nesta aventura. Por fim, os meus últimos agradecimentos vão para a minha família. Aos meus pais, aos meus avós e ao meu irmão agradeço-vos profundamente por toda a ajuda na concretização desta etapa.
“…It has been shown that in the absence of the medial cutaneous branch, the saphenous nerve innervates the medial part of the foot, while in the absence of the lateral cutaneous branch, the sural nerve supplies the lateral part of the dorsum of the foot [4]. A high division of superWcial peroneal nerve into medial and lateral branches, medial branch supplying the medial border of the foot and sural nerve supplying lateral two toes on the dorsum of the foot has been reported by Nagabhooshan et al [9]. Aktan Ikiz et al [2] observed a communication between superWcial and deep peroneal nerve at the Wrst interdigital space in 27.8% of the cases they studied.…”
Awareness of this type of variations in the course of nerves helps to alert the surgeons when there are complaints of atypical or unique pain in that particular region.
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