“…In addition, IrO 2 /TiO 2 NSAs exhibited high CER selectivity (95.8%), whereas the IrO 2 /TiO 2 flat film showed 84.6% CER selectivity, as revealed by iodometric titration in Figure 3b. Similar results obtained based on the N , N ‐diethylp‐phenylenediamine (DPD) colorimetric method, [ 10 ] as shown in Figure S8, Supporting Information, further proving the high CER selectivity of IrO 2 /TiO 2 NSAs was similar to that of DSA. [ 2a,3b ] This result indicated that the contribution of OER could be very small (below 10%), especially in an electrolyte containing a high concentration of chloride.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…The CER efficiency was also calculated based on the DPD colorimetric method [ 10 ] using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (U‐3010, Hitachi High‐Technologies Co., Japan). After CER, the electrolyte was diluted 10 times with DI water and then added DPD reagent.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 9 ] In comparison with pure RuO 2 , the combination of TiO 2 and RuO 2 improves the CER selectivity over the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). [ 10 ] However, the main problem is cracking caused by tensile stress during the thermal treatment process, which is essential to prepare coatings with mechanical stability and high crystallinity. [ 11 ] Deactivation of DSA was caused by the electrolyte penetration through the cracks under harsh electrolysis conditions.…”
The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a critical and commercially valuable electrochemical reaction in industrial‐scale utilization, including the Chlor‐alkali industry, seawater electrolysis, and saline wastewater treatment. Aiming at boosting CER electrocatalysis, hybrid IrO2/TiO2 nanosheet arrays (NSAs) with rational surface and interfacial tuning strategies are proposed in this study. The IrO2/TiO2 NSAs exhibit superb CER electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential (44 mV) at 10 mA cm−2, low Tafel slope of 40 mV dec−1, high CER selectivity (95.8%), and long‐term durability, outperforming most of the existing counterparts. The boosting mechanism is proposed that the aerophobic/hydrophilic surface engineering and interfacial electronic structure tuning of IrO2/TiO2 are beneficial for the Cl− mass‐transfer, Cl2 release, and Volmer–Heyvrosky kinetics during the CER. Practical saline wastewater treatment by using the IrO2/TiO2 NSAs electrode is further conducted, demonstrating it has a higher p‐nitrophenol degradation ratio (95.10% in 60 min) than that of other electrodes. The rational surface and interfacial engineering of IrO2/TiO2 NSAs can open up a new way to design highly efficient electrocatalysts for industrial application and environmental remediation.
“…In addition, IrO 2 /TiO 2 NSAs exhibited high CER selectivity (95.8%), whereas the IrO 2 /TiO 2 flat film showed 84.6% CER selectivity, as revealed by iodometric titration in Figure 3b. Similar results obtained based on the N , N ‐diethylp‐phenylenediamine (DPD) colorimetric method, [ 10 ] as shown in Figure S8, Supporting Information, further proving the high CER selectivity of IrO 2 /TiO 2 NSAs was similar to that of DSA. [ 2a,3b ] This result indicated that the contribution of OER could be very small (below 10%), especially in an electrolyte containing a high concentration of chloride.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…The CER efficiency was also calculated based on the DPD colorimetric method [ 10 ] using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (U‐3010, Hitachi High‐Technologies Co., Japan). After CER, the electrolyte was diluted 10 times with DI water and then added DPD reagent.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 9 ] In comparison with pure RuO 2 , the combination of TiO 2 and RuO 2 improves the CER selectivity over the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). [ 10 ] However, the main problem is cracking caused by tensile stress during the thermal treatment process, which is essential to prepare coatings with mechanical stability and high crystallinity. [ 11 ] Deactivation of DSA was caused by the electrolyte penetration through the cracks under harsh electrolysis conditions.…”
The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a critical and commercially valuable electrochemical reaction in industrial‐scale utilization, including the Chlor‐alkali industry, seawater electrolysis, and saline wastewater treatment. Aiming at boosting CER electrocatalysis, hybrid IrO2/TiO2 nanosheet arrays (NSAs) with rational surface and interfacial tuning strategies are proposed in this study. The IrO2/TiO2 NSAs exhibit superb CER electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential (44 mV) at 10 mA cm−2, low Tafel slope of 40 mV dec−1, high CER selectivity (95.8%), and long‐term durability, outperforming most of the existing counterparts. The boosting mechanism is proposed that the aerophobic/hydrophilic surface engineering and interfacial electronic structure tuning of IrO2/TiO2 are beneficial for the Cl− mass‐transfer, Cl2 release, and Volmer–Heyvrosky kinetics during the CER. Practical saline wastewater treatment by using the IrO2/TiO2 NSAs electrode is further conducted, demonstrating it has a higher p‐nitrophenol degradation ratio (95.10% in 60 min) than that of other electrodes. The rational surface and interfacial engineering of IrO2/TiO2 NSAs can open up a new way to design highly efficient electrocatalysts for industrial application and environmental remediation.
“…Extensive efforts were made to achieve visible-light photocatalytic activity through constructing intrinsic defects or making doping. Among the modified TiO 2 , black TiO 2 showed excelled absorptivity in ultra violet to infrared range and were widely used for solar energy utilization (Ref 84 ), photodegradation (Ref 85 ), electrocatalysis (Ref 86 , 87 ), among others.…”
There have been ever-growing demands for disinfection of water and air in recent years. Efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective methods of disinfection for pathogens are vital to the health of human beings. The photocatalysis route has attracted worldwide attention due to its highly efficient oxidative capabilities and sustainable recycling, which can be used to realize the disinfection purposes without secondary pollution. Though many studies have comprehensively reviewed the work about photocatalytic disinfection, including design and fabrication of photocatalytic coatings, inactivation mechanisms, or practical applications, systematic reviews about the disinfection photocatalysis coatings from fabrication to effort for practical use are still rare. Among different ways of fabricating photocatalytic materials, thermal spray is a versatile surface coating technique and competitive in constructing large-scale functional coatings, which is a most promising way for the future environmental purification, biomedical and life health applications. In this review, we briefly introduced various photocatalytic materials and corresponding inactivation mechanisms for virus, bacteria and fungus. We summarized the thermal-sprayed photocatalysts and their antimicrobial performances. Finally, we discussed the future perspectives of the photocatalytic disinfection coatings for potential applications. This review would shed light on the development and implementation of sustainable disinfection strategies that is applicable for extensive use for controlling pathogens in the near future.
“…Furthermore, we attempted to make the TiO 2 support much more conductive by Nb doping, because TiO 2 itself possesses considerable insulating property at anodic potentials, as reported in previous studies. 33,47,48 Specifically, we first doped the surface of the TiO 2 NPs with Nb and then hydrothermally deposited RuO 2 on Nb-doped TiO 2 supports. Finally, the sample was annealed at 200 °C in air to drive atomic diffusion.…”
RuO2 is one of the most important electrocatalyst materials
as a key component of dimensionally stable anode (DSA) for chlorine
evolution reaction, because of the high catalytic activity, while
anodic corrosion remains a fundamental challenge that must be addressed.
Here, we demonstrate that low-temperature annealing of RuO2 nanoparticles (∼1.7 nm) supported on Nb-doped TiO2 leads to the formation of durable active sites with superior activity
and product selectivity toward active chlorine generation (10 mA cm–2 at 22 mV overpotential with a Faradaic efficiency
of 97.3% in 0.6 M NaCl, which is much better than that of commercial
DSA). The Nb doping not only enhances the electronic conductivity
of TiO2 support, but also enables thermal diffusion of
Ti atoms into the RuO2 lattice at only 200 °C, forming
ultrafine solid-solution nanoparticles with ultrathin TiO2 surface as a protective layer. This work provides a cost-effective
fabrication strategy of stable RuO2 electrocatalysts for
anodic reactions, as well as additional insights into the design principle
of DSA.
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