Anomalous Phenomena of Complex Fluids in Small-Sized Flow Fields and Effect of Fine Bubble Mixtures

Micro/Bubble Drag Reduction Focused on New Applications

“…Micro-PIV (particle image velocimetry) was used to measure the flow field around the convex bubble, and they found that the convex air bubble could increase the momentum flux, which could reduce the skin frictional drag. Other studies related to pipes are those by Ushida et al [78,79] where the pressure drop of nanobubble mixtures passing through micro-orifices were studied, or Saffari et al [80], who investigated the effect of bubbles on the pressure drop reduction in helical coils.…”