Anomalous Dielectric Dispersion in Glasses at Low Temperatures

Schickfus, M. von; Hunklinger, Siegfried; Piché, L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.35.876

Cited by 89 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The saturation field is E s ϳ 2-5 kV/ m; comparable to measurements on vitreous silica. 16 Moreover, a value of E s ϳ 2-3 kV/ m has been reported for SiO 2 also by Martinis et al 12 The quality factor of the Si surface layer, assuming t = 3 nm and ⑀ h = 4, lies around 15-200, which is on the order of the value of ϳ200 reported for SiO 2 . 12 At high intensity the quality factors are temperature independent, suggesting loss other than due to TLS.…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

Minimal resonator loss for circuit quantum electrodynamics

Barends

Vercruyssen

Endo

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

108

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supporting

confidence: 55%

Minimal resonator loss for circuit quantum electrodynamics

Barends

Vercruyssen

Endo

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

108

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“…(68) gives G(ω) = Pµ 2 b = const. The expression for the TLS resonant-tunneling absorption, corresponding to p G = 1, was used by Bösch (1978) and Schickfus et al (1975Schickfus et al ( , 1976:…”

Section: Resonant Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far-infrared to millimeter astrophysical dust emission

Meny¹,

Gromov

Boudet³

et al. 2007

A&A

159

206

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Aims. We propose a new description of astronomical dust emission in the spectral region from the far-infrared to millimeter wavelengths. Methods. Unlike previous classical models, this description explicitly incorporates the effect of the disordered internal structure of amorphous dust grains. Our model is based on results from solid state physics used to interpret laboratory data. The model takes into account the effect of absorption by disordered charge distribution, as well as the effect of absorption by localized two level systems. Results. We review constraints on the various free parameters of the model from theory and laboratory experimental data. We show that, for realistic values of the free parameters, the shape of the emission spectrum will exhibit very broad structures whose shape will change in a non trivial way with the temperature of dust grains. The spectral shape also depends upon the parameters describing the internal structure of the grains. This opens new perspectives for identifying the nature of astronomical dust from the observed shape of the FIR/mm emission spectrum. A companion paper will provide an explicit comparison of the model with astronomical data.

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“…[13][14][15][16] Such resonators have excess noise 2,17 that is equivalent to a jitter of the resonance frequency, likely caused by two-level tunneling systems ͑TLSs͒ in amorphous dielectrics. 18 Indeed, TLS models explain the unusual properties of amorphous materials at low temperatures, [19][20][21][22] and recent qubit experiments 23 have highlighted TLS effects in superconducting microcircuits. While the TLS energy splitting ⌬E has a broad distribution, 22 a resonator with frequency f r is most sensitive to TLS with ⌬E ϳ hf r .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of the frequency and noise of superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators

Kumar

Gao

Žmuidzinas

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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We present measurements of the temperature and power dependence of the resonance frequency and frequency noise of superconducting niobium thin-film coplanar waveguide resonators carried out at temperatures well below the superconducting transition ͑T c = 9.2 K͒. The noise decreases by nearly two orders of magnitude as the temperature is increased from 120 to 1200 mK, while the variation of the resonance frequency with temperature over this range agrees well with the standard two-level system ͑TLS͒ model for amorphous dielectrics. These results support the hypothesis that TLSs are responsible for the noise in superconducting microresonators and have important implications for resonator applications such as qubits and photon detectors. 23 have highlighted TLS effects in superconducting microcircuits. While the TLS energy splitting ⌬E has a broad distribution, 22 a resonator with frequency f r is most sensitive to TLS with ⌬E ϳ hf r . The level populations and relaxation rates of such TLS vary strongly at temperatures T ϳ hf r / 2k B , or around 100 mK for the device studied here. Furthermore, such near-resonant TLS may saturate 18 for strong resonator excitation power P w . Hence, measurements of the power and temperature variation of the resonator frequency and noise, as presented in this letter, provide a strong test of the TLS hypothesis.We studied coplanar waveguide ͑CPW͒ quarterwavelength resonators 2,18 fabricated on a high-resistivity ͑ ജ 10 k⍀ cm͒ crystalline silicon substrate by patterning a 200 nm thick niobium film using a photoresist mask and a SF 6 inductively coupled plasma etch. In this device, TLS may be present in the native oxide surface layers on the metal film or substrate. 18 The resonator is capacitively coupled to a CPW feedline ͑Fig. 1͒ that has a 10 m wide center strip and 6 m gaps between the center strip and the ground plane. For the resonator, these dimensions are 5 and 1 m, respectively. The resonator length is 5.8 mm, corresponding to f r = 4.35 GHz. The coupling strength is set lithographically 17,18 ͑see Fig. 1͒ and is characterized by the coupling-limited quality factor Q c =5ϫ 10 5 . The device was cooled using a dilution refrigerator, and its temperature was measured to Ϯ5 mK accuracy using a calibrated RuO 2 thermometer mounted on the copper sample enclosure. The microwave readout ͑Fig. 1͒ uses a standard IQ homodyne mixing technique. 2,17 The IQ mixer's complex output voltage ͑f͒ = I͑f͒ + jQ͑f͒ follows a circular trajectory in the complex plane as the microwave excitation frequency f is varied, 18 and f r and Q r are determined by complex leastsquares fitting of this trajectory to a ten-parameter model:Here ␦x = ͑f − f r ͒ / f r is the fractional frequency offset, S 21 ͑r͒ is the complex forward transmission on resonance, B 0 + B 1 ␦x allows for a linear gain variation, 0 + 1 ␦x allows a similar linear phase variation, and B 2 and 2 specify the output offset voltages of the IQ mixer. The combined noise of the resonator and readout electronics is measured by tuning the synthesi...

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Anomalous Dielectric Dispersion in Glasses at Low Temperatures

Cited by 89 publications

References 11 publications

Minimal resonator loss for circuit quantum electrodynamics

Minimal resonator loss for circuit quantum electrodynamics

Far-infrared to millimeter astrophysical dust emission

Temperature dependence of the frequency and noise of superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators

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