Anomalies of Upper Lobe Bronchial Distribution

Aberrant bronchi and cardiovascular anomalies

“…With the 4 previously described patients and a recent patient from our centre not yet included in the autopsy review, there were 43 individuals reported with additional defects suitable for review. These included 18 with displaced tracheal bronchus (13 lobar, 5 segmental) [Holinger et al, 1952;Jacobson et al, 1960;Laforet et al, 1962;Jue et al, 1965;Marks, 1966;Tan et al, 1968;Swenson, 1969;Landing and Wells, 1973;McLaughlin et al, 19851 3 with bridging bronchi (patient 2) [Gonzalez-Crussi et al, 1976;Schmitt et al, 19781 9 with supernumerary tracheal bronchus (6 lobar, 3 segmental) (patient 4) [Cotton et al, 1952;Landing and Wells, 1973;Maisel et al, 1974;Seigel et al, 1979;Iannacone et al, 1980;McLaughlin et al, 19851 4 with supernumerary esophageal bronchus (patient 3) [Berman et al, 1953;Polak et al, 1958;Reilly et al, 19731 and 9 cases of esophageal lung [Keeley and Schairer, 1960;Thompson and Aquino, 1962;Nikaidoh and Swen-son, 1971;Flye and Izant, 1972;Reilly et al, 1973;Bowen and Parry, 1980;Lacina et al, 1981;Leithiser et al, 19861. With respect to laterality, only 9 of the 43 cases involved defects on the left side. Two cases of displaced tracheal bronchi were bilateral.…”

Rare case of posteparterial dorsal segmental bronchus giving a double‐stem right upper lobar bronchus and its arterial supply

“…The ectopic bronchus is of displaced type because the right upper lobar bronchus amounts to B1 + B3. Such anatomical variation is not part of the classifications previously proposed by Foster‐Carter (1946) and Laforet et al (1962). These were more concerned with preeparterial ectopias.…”

“…The only anatomical description of this variation was made by Boyden and Tompsett (1958) on the basis of bronchial casts. It is usually due to preeparterial bronchial ectopia (Foster‐Carter,1946; Laforet et al,1962), and the vascularization of such a variation has not been reported in the literature.…”

“…However, the combination of a superior trunk with a dorsal and a ventral ascending arteries in the vascularization of the normal right upper lobe is reported by Cordier and Cabrol (1952) in 15% of cases. An ectopic bronchus is normally asymptomatic and may be revealed through atelectasis, recurrent pneumopathies, stridor, hemoptysis, bronchiectasis, owing to lack of positional drainage, or stenosis (Laforet et al,1962; Sanchez et al,2003). Diagnosis of tracheobronchial malformations is optimized by thoracic scanning with reconstruction, CT fibroscopy, and CT bronchoscopy, which helps visualize the intrapulmonary bronchi and therefore specifically identify the type of bronchial ectopia involved (Yildiz et al,2006).…”

Ectopic bronchus: An insufficiently recognized malformation causing respiratory morbidity in VATER association

“…The patient had a displaced bronchus arising from the right main bronchus, which is most common among the anomalies of upper lobe bronchial distribution [Laforet et al, 1962]. When the displaced bronchus stems from the trachea, it is called a tracheal bronchus.…”