Anomalies of the Inferior Vena Cava in Patients with Iliac Venous Thrombosis

Obernosterer, A.; Aschauer, Manuela; Schnedl, Wolfgang J.; Lipp, Rainer W.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-1-200201010-00009

Cited by 170 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

151

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…2,3 If the originally paired structures are not joined between the sixth and eighth weeks of gestation, malformations can occur, such as a duplicated inferior vena cava, inferior vena cava agenesis, and the interruption of a certain segment (infrahepatic, prerenal, renal, or infrarenal), among others. 3,4 Inferior vena cava malformations are present in 0.07% to 8.7% of the population 3 and may be asymptomatic or associated with nonspecific symptoms. However, they may also be associated with an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis, which is present in 5% of young individuals who have deep venous thrombosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agenesia da veia cava inferior

Gensas¹,

Pires²,

Kruse³

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Cardiol. Invasiva

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agenesis of the inferior vena cava is a rare malformation. Its most common cause is dysgenesis during embryogenesis, but it may also be related to intrauterine or perinatal thrombosis. It is usually asymptomatic, associated or not with other congenital malformations and may be related to increased risk of chronic venous insufficiency and deep vein thrombosis, especially in young individuals. Diagnosis is often incidental, during abdominal surgery or radiological procedures. We reported five cases of agenesis of the inferior vena cava detected during electrophysiological procedures.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agenesia da veia cava inferior

Gensas¹,

Pires²,

Kruse³

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Cardiol. Invasiva

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To date, 15 different types have been reported, and the most common ones are left IVC, double The embryogenesis of the IVC is a complex event that involves formation, regression and fusion of three pairs of embryonic veins 1,3,7,8,10 . The infrahepatic segment of the IVC may be divided in three parts: suprarenal, renal and infrarenal; the right subcardinal vein becomes the suprarenal segment; the supracardinal anastomoses with the subcardinal vein originates the renal segment, and the infrarenal segment emerges from the right supracardinal vein 1,5,8,9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of IVC anomalies in the general population is estimated in 0.07 to 8.7% 1,7 . Such conditions may be associated with vague and unspecific symptoms or, in many cases, may be completely asymptomatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agenesia de veia cava inferior associada à trombose venosa profunda

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A agenesia da veia cava inferior é uma anomalia congênita rara, que foi recentemente identificada como um importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento e a recorrência de trombose venosa profunda de membros inferiores em jovens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma paciente que apresentou trombose venosa profunda dois meses após a realização de cirurgia de varizes. A angiotomografia computadorizada demonstrou a presença de anomalia venosa complexa com ausência da veia cava inferior.

show abstract

“…2) or magnetic resonance imaging studies, which are more sensitive and specific in showing the anomalies of the IVC, and to explain the pathophysiology and pathogenic causes underlying the DVT in lower limbs [4,5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…vascular anomalies, hypercoagulability, prolonged stasis) the occurrence of an anomaly of the IVC (e.g., agenesia, atresia, hypoplasia) must be taken into consideration, and that the current imaging techniques can easily detect such anomalies [5]. In young patients, back pain and a history of prolonged immobilisation represents crucial features that suggest the presence of a DVT and IVC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs in a 32-year-old man with chronic hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava (HIVC) without risk factors

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) have an incidence between 0.2 and 1 % in the general population [1]. The normal average diameter of the IVC is 17.5 mm (up to 25 mm maximum) and the spectrum of anatomical abnormalities of the IVC (e.g., absence or interruption of the vessel or variation in diameter) can be responsible for serious hemodynamic effects to the venous circulation of the lower limbs (i.e., venous stasis), and be a risk factor for the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The association between hypoplasia of the IVC (HIVC) and DVT has been previously reported, even though the association of absence of the IVC and DVT is more frequently recorded [2]. Hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava should be taken into account when an unexplained DVT occurs in young patients, as DVT can occur in up to 5 % of young adults with IVC anomalies [3].A 32-year-old man was referred to our Unit of Internal Medicine because of acute and intense back pain. History was unrevealing for risk factors related to venous disease, but the man had remained immobilised 3-4 days because of the intense pain. After admission, he underwent full (abdominal and pelvic) ultrasound examination, which revealed bilateral proximal (iliac-femoral veins) DVT (Fig. 1a, b; see Fig. 1c for comparison) and severe dilatation of the superficial venous circle of the lower limbs. Laboratory investigations for thrombophilic defects (including factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, mutations A1298C and C8677T, proteins C and S and antithrombin III) were all negative.A computed tomography (CT scan) study of the superior abdomen showed hypoplasia of inferior vena cava (diameter 11 9 5 mm) along with bilateral thrombosis of the iliac and hypogastric veins; the right iliac vein was dilated and the paralumbar veins were hypertrophic; dilatation of the right hypogastric venous circle was present ( Fig. 2a; see Fig. 2b for comparison).Treatment with subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin was initiated, and shortly followed by oral anticoagulant therapy (INR range 3.0) with application of stocking bandage compression to the lower limbs. Currently, the man is still under follow-up at our unit: his general condition is good with no further recorded episodes of thrombosis; he is still taking oral anticoagulant therapy.Anomalies of the IVC are a rare finding in clinical practice, but should be suspected when an unexplained DVT presents in a young adult, particularly in the absence of risk factors such as inherited thrombophilia. The main findings in patients with DVT and HICV are summarised in Table 1. Notably, dilatation of the ascending lumbar veins, paravertebral venous plexus, azygous and hemiazygous veins are typical imaging findings of these patients. The hemodynamic data on venous return from the lower part of the body are crucial for differentiating acute and chronic anomalies of the IVC.Although ultrasonography is useful to demonstrate anomalies of the IVC, by revealing the lack of continuity of the IVC segment and the presence of collatera...

show abstract

Anomalies of the Inferior Vena Cava in Patients with Iliac Venous Thrombosis

Abstract: An anomaly of the inferior vena cava should be suspected if thrombosis involving the iliac veins is seen in patients 30 years of age or younger. Patients with both an anomaly and thrombosis may be at higher risk for thrombotic recurrence.

Cited by 170 publications

References 16 publications

Agenesia da veia cava inferior

Agenesia da veia cava inferior

Agenesia de veia cava inferior associada à trombose venosa profunda

Acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs in a 32-year-old man with chronic hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava (HIVC) without risk factors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About