Anomalies in the magnetoreflection spectrum of bismuth in the low-quantum-number limit

Vecchi, M.P.; Pereira, Jéssica Aparecida da Silva; Dresselhaus, M. S.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.14.298

Cited by 88 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In fact, the magneto-optical measurements on bismuth already exhibit clear peak structures. 26,[32][33][34] The present proposal of SPEC will be confirmed experimentally, e.g., by the ordinary magneto-optical measurements with the use of the Kerr effect. 115) When we compare the theoretical results for bismuth with the experiments, we need to consider the contribution from the holes at T -point in general.…”

Section: % Spin-polarized Electric Current (Spec)supporting

confidence: 52%

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Transport Properties and Diamagnetism of Dirac Electrons in Bismuth

2015

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Bismuth crystal is known for its remarkable properties resulting from particular electronic states, e. g., the Shubnikovde Haas effect and the de Haas-van Alphen effect. Above all, the large diamagnetism of bismuth had been a long-standing puzzle soon after the establishment of quantum mechanics, which had been resolved eventually in 1970 based on the effective Hamiltonian derived by Wolff as due to the interband effects of a magnetic field in the presence of a large spin-orbit interaction. This Hamiltonian is essentially the same as the Dirac Hamiltonian, but with spatial anisotropy and an effective velocity much smaller than the light velocity. This paper reviews recent progress in the theoretical understanding of transport and optical properties, such as the weak-field Hall effect together with the spin Hall effect, and ac conductivity, of a system described by the Wolff Hamiltonian and its isotropic version with a special interest of exploring possible relationship with orbital magnetism. It is shown that there exist a fundamental relationship between spin Hall conductivity and orbital susceptibility in the insulating state on one hand, and the possibility of fully spinpolarized electric current in magneto-optics. Experimental tests of these interesting features have been proposed.

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Section: % Spin-polarized Electric Current (Spec)supporting

confidence: 52%

“…(34). For the conduction band, the term linear in magnetic field is (+µ s · H), while, for the valence band, it is (−µ s · H).…”

Section: Anomalous Magnetic-momentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport Properties and Diamagnetism of Dirac Electrons in Bismuth

2015

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“…NE measurements extended to 33 T, well above the quantum limit [9], found features unexpected in the single-particle picture. Torque magnetometry studies by Li et al [10] up to 31 T showed a structure in magnetization with hysteresis suggesting a correlation-induced phase transition.These results inspired new theoretical studies of the Landau spectrum in bismuth [11,12], which is remarkably complex because the electron dispersion is Diraclike, with an additional anisotropic Zeeman term [13,14]. In particular, in the vicinity of the high-symmetry axis known as the trigonal axis, the magnetic field at which an electron Landau level is depleted rapidly changes with the field orientation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results inspired new theoretical studies of the Landau spectrum in bismuth [11,12], which is remarkably complex because the electron dispersion is Diraclike, with an additional anisotropic Zeeman term [13,14]. In particular, in the vicinity of the high-symmetry axis known as the trigonal axis, the magnetic field at which an electron Landau level is depleted rapidly changes with the field orientation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic evidence for valley-dependent density of states in bulk bismuth

et al. 2014

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Electron-like carriers in bismuth are described by the Dirac Hamiltonian, with a band mass becoming a thousandth of the bare electron mass along one crystalline axis [1]. The existence of three anisotropic valleys offers electrons an additional degree of freedom, a subject of recent attention [2]. Here, we map the Landau spectrum by angle-resolved magnetostriction, and quantify the carrier number in each valley: while the electron valleys keep identical spectra, they substantially differ in their density of states at the Fermi level. Thus, the electron fluid does not keep the rotational symmetry of the lattice at low temperature and high magnetic field, even in the absence of internal strain. This effect, reminiscent of the Coulomb pseudo-gap in localized electronic states, affects only electrons in the immediate vicinity of the Fermi level. It presents the most striking departure from the non-interacting picture of electrons in bulk bismuth.A naturally occurring element known since ancient times [3,4], the semi-metal bismuth has played an important role in the history of solid state physics [5]. Over the last five years, bismuth has attracted new attention focused on its unusual properties in the presence of a strong magnetic field. More than 120 years after the first discovery of the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect (NE) in the very same material [6], giant NE oscillations were observed in the vicinity of the quantum limit [7]. This limit is attained when the magnetic field is strong enough to confine carriers to their lowest Landau level(s). With currently available magnetic fields, it is only accessible in solids with a carrier concentration as low as in bismuth. Theory expects a prominent role for electron interactions beyond this limit [8]. NE measurements extended to 33 T, well above the quantum limit [9], found features unexpected in the single-particle picture. Torque magnetometry studies by Li et al. [10] up to 31 T showed a structure in magnetization with hysteresis suggesting a correlation-induced phase transition.These results inspired new theoretical studies of the Landau spectrum in bismuth [11,12], which is remarkably complex because the electron dispersion is Diraclike, with an additional anisotropic Zeeman term [13,14]. In particular, in the vicinity of the high-symmetry axis known as the trigonal axis, the magnetic field at which an electron Landau level is depleted rapidly changes with the field orientation. Recently, the angle-resolved Landau spectrum was determined by NE measurements for the whole solid angle [15,16], and found to be in good agreement with theoretical calculations by Fuseya [15], based on an earlier model by Vecchi and co-workers [13]. Thus the non-interacting picture can successfully explain most features of the high-field phase diagram, including those previously attributed to electron interaction [9,10]. Still the unexpected hysteresis seen in the torque measurements [10], reminiscent of a first-order phase transition, remained unexplained. However, subsequent torque magneto...

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“…The band structure and the vicinity of E F have been studied extensively by means of Shubnikov-de Haas (see, for example, Refs. 1, 15, and 16 and infrared magnetoreflectivity measurements 17 for pure bismuth and dilute alloys. The energy offsets of the first three Landau levels are reported to be (2.4, 4.51, and 5.88) meV in pure bismuth.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Point contact Andreev reflection from semimetallic bismuth—The roles of the minority carriers and the large spin-orbit coupling

Stamenov

2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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The Point Contact Andreev Reflection (PCAR) technique has been traditionally and predominantly applied to either the characterisation of superconductors or of spin-polarised metals. The sufficiently large and slowly varying, on the scale of tens of meV around the Fermi level (EF), Density of States (DOS) in metals and highly degenerate semiconductors significantly simplifies the interpretation and quantitative analysis of the measured Differential Conductance Spectra (DCS). Semimetals in general, and particularly the heavy semimetals, because of the presence of several carrier bands and the larger Spin-Orbit coupling, exhibit significantly higher variations in the DOS, close to EF, which can be observed and evaluated with PCAR. Here, DCS of bismuth/niobium point contacts are examined to reveal the relative energy offsets [0.12(3), 2.32(5), and 5.7(2)] meV and the approximate relative DOS contributions of the three main carrier bands (16:5:4). Apart from the bulk, some surface states are also expected to contribute to the observed DOS and be potentially spin-split. The spin polarisation due to all conducting states is evaluated at P≤ 0.09(7).

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Anomalies in the magnetoreflection spectrum of bismuth in the low-quantum-number limit

Cited by 88 publications

References 24 publications

Transport Properties and Diamagnetism of Dirac Electrons in Bismuth

Transport Properties and Diamagnetism of Dirac Electrons in Bismuth

Thermodynamic evidence for valley-dependent density of states in bulk bismuth

Point contact Andreev reflection from semimetallic bismuth—The roles of the minority carriers and the large spin-orbit coupling

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