Anodic growth of TiO2 nanotube arrays: Effects of substrate curvature and residual stress

Zhang, Wanggang; Sun, Yuting; Tian, Rufeng; Gao, Qianxing; Wang, Jian; Liu, Yiming; Yang, Fuqian

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129783

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In recent years, there has been growing scientific and technological interest in porous anodic oxides, such as TiO 2 nanotubes and Al 2 O 3 nanotubes, due to their unique structural arrangements. Anodic TiO 2 nanotubes have received particular attention and their distinctive structure has found wide applications in various fields, including photocatalysis, solar cell materials, and supercapacitors. − Electrochemical preparation of TiO 2 nanotubes is commonly achieved by anodizing the metal in an electrolyte containing fluoride ions. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Role of Fluoride Ions in the Growth of Anodic TiO₂ Nanotubes

Zhuang,

Li,

Qin

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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While porous anodic oxides have been extensively studied, there is limited research on the specific role of fluoride ions in the anodization. This study compares the morphology of titanium anodization products before and after the addition of ammonium pentaborate to the NH 4 F electrolyte. The current−time curve in anodization is analyzed to elucidate the real role of fluoride ions. The findings indicate that the real role of fluoride ions in the anodization is to form an anionic contaminated layer and cause the generation of electronic current, triggering the oxygen bubble mold effect and promoting nanotube growth. However, when pentaborate anions are introduced in the anionic contaminated layer, they hinder the production of electronic current, leading to a significant reduction in electronic current. Consequently, the growth rate of nanotubes decreases, resulting in the formation of bulb-shaped nanotube embryos. This study provides interesting evidence supporting the role of fluoride ions by combining the ionic and electronic current theory with the oxygen bubble mold effect. These pieces of evidence cast doubt on the simple chemical dissolution of fluoride ions in the traditional field-assisted dissolution theory. The experimental results significantly contribute to our understanding of the growth mechanism of porous anodic oxides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Role of Fluoride Ions in the Growth of Anodic TiO₂ Nanotubes

Zhuang,

Li,

Qin

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…The exponential growth in the literature indicates that interest in the nanoscale began in the 1990s. Interest in the nanoscale is driven by the commercial availability of tools used to manipulate and measure nanoscale characteristics for several reasons: (1) the anticipation of the novel physical, chemical, and biological properties of nanostructures; (2) the assumption that nanostructures will provide new building blocks for innovative materials with unique properties; (3) the miniaturization of the semiconductor industry to the nanoscale; and (4) the recognition that molecular mechanisms in biological cells function at the nanoscale [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Study of SrTiO3/TiO2 Hybrid Perovskite Nanotubes by Electrochemical Anodization

Bissenova,

Umirzakov,

Mit

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Layers of TiO2 nanotubes formed by the anodization process represent an area of active research in the context of innovative energy conversion and storage systems. Titanium nanotubes (TNTs) have attracted attention because of their unique properties, especially their high surface-to-volume ratio, which makes them a desirable material for various technological applications. The anodization method is widely used to produce TNTs because of its simplicity and relative cheapness; the method enables precise control over the thickness of TiO2 nanotubes. Anodization can also be used to create decorative and colored coatings on titanium nanotubes. In this study, a combined structure including anodic TiO2 nanotubes and SrTiO3 particles was fabricated using chemical synthesis techniques. TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by anodizing them in ethylene glycol containing NH4F and H2O while applying a voltage of 30 volts. An anode nanotube array heat-treated at 450 °C was then placed in an autoclave filled with dilute SrTiO3 solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the TNTs were characterized by clear and open tube ends, with an average outer diameter of 1.01 μm and an inner diameter of 69 nm, and their length is 133 nm. The results confirm the successful formation of a structure that can be potentially applied in a variety of applications, including hydrogen production by the photocatalytic decomposition of water under sunlight.

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“…TiO 2 nanotubes prepared through electrochemical anodization have found wide applications in catalyst carriers, supercapacitors, biomedicine, and other cutting-edge fields. − However, the formation mechanism of anodic TiO 2 nanotubes remains highly controversial. − The classical field-assisted dissolution theory evolved from porous anodic alumina is still dominant. According to the field-assisted dissolution theory, the dissolution reaction of fluoride ions on titanium oxide is primarily responsible for pore formation in nanotubes. − In recent years, new theories such as the viscous flow model, electric field equilibrium model, and oxygen bubble model have emerged, challenging the classical field-assisted dissolution theory. − Traditional field-assisted dissolution theory fails to explain the three phases of the current–time curve or establish a relationship between the nanotube growth rate and the dissolution rate with respect to anodizing current. − Despite emphasizing a balance between oxide growth and dissolution, few studies have reported on the growth rate and dissolution rate of TiO 2 nanotubes or examined their relationship with fluoride ion concentration. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the Growth Rate of Nanotubes and the Current–Time Curve of the Anodizing Process

Li,

Han,

Qin

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The growth mechanism of anodic TiO 2 nanotubes remains unclear. In order to investigate the factors affecting nanotube growth, the growth rate of the nanotubes is analyzed in this paper. TiO 2 nanotubes are successfully prepared in three kinds of electrolytes with equal concentrations of fluoride ions. However, the three groups of nanotubes show significant differences in growth rates (max 207.0 nm/min, min 36.6 nm/min), and the nanotube diameter does not depend solely on the same anodizing voltage, which is contradictory to the field-assisted dissolution reaction involving fluoride ions. The amount of charge accumulated during the growth of the three groups of nanotubes is positively correlated with nanotube length. The interesting results indicate that there is no field-assisted dissolution equilibrium during nanotube growth in fluoride electrolytes, while anodizing current plays a significant role in influencing nanotube growth. Article pubs.acs.org/JPCC

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Anodic growth of TiO2 nanotube arrays: Effects of substrate curvature and residual stress

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Real Role of Fluoride Ions in the Growth of Anodic TiO₂ Nanotubes

Real Role of Fluoride Ions in the Growth of Anodic TiO₂ Nanotubes

Synthesis and Study of SrTiO3/TiO2 Hybrid Perovskite Nanotubes by Electrochemical Anodization

Relationship between the Growth Rate of Nanotubes and the Current–Time Curve of the Anodizing Process

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Anodic growth of TiO2 nanotube arrays: Effects of substrate curvature and residual stress

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Real Role of Fluoride Ions in the Growth of Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes

Real Role of Fluoride Ions in the Growth of Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes

Synthesis and Study of SrTiO3/TiO2 Hybrid Perovskite Nanotubes by Electrochemical Anodization

Relationship between the Growth Rate of Nanotubes and the Current–Time Curve of the Anodizing Process

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Product

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Real Role of Fluoride Ions in the Growth of Anodic TiO₂ Nanotubes

Real Role of Fluoride Ions in the Growth of Anodic TiO₂ Nanotubes