Anodic deposition of porous vanadium oxide network with high power characteristics for pseudocapacitors

Anodic deposition of manganese oxide electrodes with rod-like structures for application as electrochemical capacitors

“…The non-faradaic process relies on charge separation at the interface between the electrode and the ionic solution giving rise to an electrical double layer, whereas the faradaic process consists of redox reactions occurring within the active electrode materials [2]. Based on the type of supercapacitance to be utilized, electrochemical capacitors can be made from various materials including carbon [5], conducting polymers [6][7][8][9][10], noble metal oxides such as RuO 2 [11][12][13] and IrO 2 [14] and transition metal oxides such as MnO 2 [15], NiO [16], Co 2 O 3 [17], FeO [18], TiO 2 [19], SnO 2 [20], V 2 O 5 [21][22][23] and MoO [24]. Among the transition metal oxides, manganese-based oxides have been widely studied for electrochemical capacitors and batteries, because of their high energy density, low cost, natural abundance and environmentally friendly nature.…”

Hierarchical manganese oxide/carbon nanocomposites for supercapacitor electrodes

“…Generally, a supercapacitor is based on the electrical double layers formed along carbon electrodes, which may provide capacitance of up to 300 F/g in an aqueous electrolyte [8,9]. Oxides of transition metals, such as RuO2 [10][11][12], MnO 2 [13][14][15][16], NiO [17,18], Co 3 O 4 [19], and V 2 O 5 [20,21], possess significantly higher capacitances; however, harvesting such capacitance has been limited by their low conductivity and redox kinetics. To address such intrinsic limitations, a common strategy is to integrate low-dimensional oxide materials with conductive components, such as carbon, which has led to the development of various nanocomposites with significantly improved energy density [22][23][24].…”

Mesoporous RuO2 for the next generation supercapacitors with an ultrahigh power density

“…These new-type ultrahigh power ultracapacitors are so-called next generation supercapacitors [2][3][4] in which the loss in electric energy due to iR drops has to be very carefully considered. Based on this perspective and the promising future applications, several electrochemically active materials with various oxidation states/structures and good reversibility, such as RuO 2 [5][6][7], MnO 2 [8,9], VO x [10,11], CoO x , (Ni-Co)O x [12,13], Fe 3 O 4 [14], and conducting polymers [15,16], have been studied for this purpose.…”