Anodic behavior of a carbon plate in an LiCl-KCl binary molten salt

Adachi, Atsushi; Katayama, Yasushi; Miura, Takashi; Kishi, Tomiya

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(97)02587-1

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Actually, at high temperatures above 600 K, some work has been conducted to develop high temperature batteries. [3][4][5][6][7][8] There are several works concerning lithium intercalating cathode materials in alkali metal halide melts at 653-873 K, [3][4][5][6] in which Al-Li alloys were used mainly as anodes. However, there are few reports about the lithium-graphite anode in the alkali metal halide melts.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Agarwal has investigated a lithium intercalation into graphite electrode in a LiCl-KCl melt at 749-755 K. 7 In the literature, fundamental matters such as phase changes and lithium diffusivity in graphite were reported but performances as an anode were not described. Adachi et al have investigated the anodic behavior of a carbon plate ͑a mixture of graphite with glassy carbon͒ in a LiCl-KCl melt at 632-773 K. 8 They reported that insertion/extraction of lithium could take place, but that the cathodically formed Li-C seemed unstable at least above 673 K. Although the LiCl-KCl eutectic melt ͑mp 625 K͒ is the most common alkali metal halide melt, it is worth searching for another electrolyte with a lower melting point for lithium-ion battery applications for the following reasons. First, the lower operating temperature considerably extends a range of material selections for the cell components, that is, heat resistant polymers including poly͑tetrafluoroethylene͒ ͑PTFE͒ and perfluoroalkoxy ͑PFA͒ can be used.…”

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Electrochemical Intercalation/Deintercalation of Lithium at an Isotropic Graphite in a LiBr-KBr-CsBr Eutectic Melt

Kasajima¹,

Nishikiori²,

Ito³

2003

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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Electrochemical behavior of an isotropic graphite electrode in a LiBr-KBr-CsBr eutectic melt was investigated at 523 K to apply to the anode for high power density lithium-ion batteries. It was confirmed that the electrochemical lithium intercalation/ deintercalation into/from the graphite occurred reversibly, accompanied with the stepwise stage formation of lithium-graphite compounds. The capacity for lithium intercalation was 0.292 Ah g Ϫ1 at Ϫ1.5 mA cm Ϫ2 and coulombic cycle efficiency was max 98%.Lithium-ion secondary batteries, in which lithium intercalation materials are used as electrodes, have been investigated intensively due to their high voltages and high energy densities and are now in common use in portable electronic equipment. However, further improvements such as high power density, nonflammability and thermal stability are required especially for electronic vehicle applications. To attain high power density, it seems to be reasonable to elevate the cell operating temperature because the rate-determining processes of the lithium transport in the solid electrodes become faster. However, the elevation of the operating temperature is difficult as far as using conventional organic electrolytes because metastable components of solid electrolyte interface ͑SEI͒ at a graphite anode change to stable components at around 353 K. 1,2 Even if the SEI problem is solved, the operation above 473 K is considered difficult due to thermal decomposition of the electrolytes.In such circumstances, one may think of using inorganic molten salts containing a lithium salt as alternative electrolytes. Actually, at high temperatures above 600 K, some work has been conducted to develop high temperature batteries. [3][4][5][6][7][8] There are several works concerning lithium intercalating cathode materials in alkali metal halide melts at 653-873 K, 3-6 in which Al-Li alloys were used mainly as anodes. However, there are few reports about the lithium-graphite anode in the alkali metal halide melts. Agarwal has investigated a lithium intercalation into graphite electrode in a LiCl-KCl melt at 749-755 K. 7 In the literature, fundamental matters such as phase changes and lithium diffusivity in graphite were reported but performances as an anode were not described. Adachi et al. have investigated the anodic behavior of a carbon plate ͑a mixture of graphite with glassy carbon͒ in a LiCl-KCl melt at 632-773 K. 8 They reported that insertion/extraction of lithium could take place, but that the cathodically formed Li-C seemed unstable at least above 673 K. Although the LiCl-KCl eutectic melt ͑mp 625 K͒ is the most common alkali metal halide melt, it is worth searching for another electrolyte with a lower melting point for lithium-ion battery applications for the following reasons. First, the lower operating temperature considerably extends a range of material selections for the cell components, that is, heat resistant polymers including poly͑tetrafluoroethylene͒ ͑PTFE͒ and perfluoroalkoxy ͑PFA͒ can be used. Second, the reported proble...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Intercalation/Deintercalation of Lithium at an Isotropic Graphite in a LiBr-KBr-CsBr Eutectic Melt

Kasajima¹,

Nishikiori²,

Ito³

2003

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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“…This process, also known as the electrowinning method, electrolyzes the LiCl component of the molten LiCl‐KCl eutectic in the temperature range of 450–500 °C. [ 60,61 ]…”

Section: Production Of Lithium Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process, also known as the electrowinning method, electrolyzes the LiCl component of the molten LiCl-KCl eutectic in the temperature range of 450-500 °C. [60,61] Currently, the methods of producing LiCl-KCl compounds vary from the origin of the feedstock and can be adapted to improve the purity of the final product. The selection of the extracting method of Li from brines is limited by the presence of contaminant multivalent ions (Mg/Li mass ratio), and the effects of other competing coexisting ions, such as Na + and K + .…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Future Perspective on Lithium Metal Anode Production Methods

Acebedo

Morant‐Miñana

Gonzalo

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are one of the most promising energy storage technologies that would overcome the limitations of current Li‐ion batteries, based on their low density (0.534 g cm−3), low reduction potential (−3.04 V vs Standard Hydrogen Electrode) as well as their high theoretical capacities (3860 mAh g−1 and 2061 mAh cm−3). The overall cell mass and volume would be reduced while both gravimetric and volumetric energy densities would be greatly improved. Their electrochemical performance, however, is hampered by the low efficiency at high current densities and continuous degradation, which are related, among other factors, to the properties of the lithium metal anode (LMA). Hence, the production and processing of LMAs is crucial to obtain the desired properties that would enable LMBs. Here, the conventional method used for the production of LMAs, which is the combination of extraction, electrowinning, extrusion, and rolling processes, is reviewed. Then, the advances in the different alternative methods that can be used to produce and improve the properties of LMAs are described, which are divided into vapor phase, liquid phase, and electrodeposition. Within this last method, the anode‐less concept, for which different approaches to the development of advanced current collectors are illustrated, is included.

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“…However, there are few reports concerning graphite as the anode in the alkali metal halide melts for HTLBs. Adachi et al have reported the electrochemical behavior of a graphite plate in the LiClKCl melt, but the cathodically formed Li-C compound seems unstable because of the high-operating temperature [6]. Recently, several works have focused on reducing the operating temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New ternary molten salt electrolyte based on alkali metal triflates

Tan

Chu

2009

Ionics

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A novel molten salt electrolyte composed of lithium triflate (CF 3 SO 3 Li, LiTf), sodium triflate (CF 3 SO 3 Na, NaTf), and potassium triflate (CF 3 SO 3 K, KTf) has been prepared and characterized by thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry. TG/DTA shows that the electrolyte was thermally stable when the temperature was under 400°C. Its thermal stability gradually decreased with increase of LiTf concentration. The ionic conductivity of molten salt electrolyte has been evaluated by EIS and its value exceeds 10 −2 Scm −1 in the temperature range from 230 to 270°C. The electrochemical window of the electrolyte at the molar ratio of 0.5/1/1 is about 4.7 V at 250°C. This electrolyte with low melting point exhibits promising characteristics for high-temperature lithium batteries.

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Anodic behavior of a carbon plate in an LiCl-KCl binary molten salt

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Electrochemical Intercalation/Deintercalation of Lithium at an Isotropic Graphite in a LiBr-KBr-CsBr Eutectic Melt

Electrochemical Intercalation/Deintercalation of Lithium at an Isotropic Graphite in a LiBr-KBr-CsBr Eutectic Melt

Current Status and Future Perspective on Lithium Metal Anode Production Methods

New ternary molten salt electrolyte based on alkali metal triflates

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