Anode discharge mode and cathodic plasma state in high-current vacuum arcs

Toya, H.; Uchida, Y.; Hayashi, Tatsuya; Murai, Y.

doi:10.1063/1.337493

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…If the imposed AMF is overly strong, cathode spots will concentrate at the center of the cathode surface. 22) The current constriction near the cathode side has also been found in experiments by Toya et al, 23) Chaly et al, 24) and Shkol'nik et al 25) Wang et al 26) consider that with the increase in AMF, the area occupied by cathode spots decreases. They also come to this conclusion on the basis of simulation results.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Effect of vacuum arc cathode spot distribution on breaking capacity of the arc-extinguishing chamber

Ding

Yuan

2017

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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A DC circuit breaker performs a key function in breaking an intermediate-frequency (IF) current since breaking a pure IF current is equivalent to breaking a very small DC with a reverse IF current. In this study, it is found that cathode spots show a ring-shaped distribution at 2000 Hz. An arc with an uneven distribution of cathode spots has been simulated. The simulation results show that the distribution of cathode spots significantly affect the microparameter distribution of arc plasma. The current distribution on the anode side differs from that on the cathode side under the total radial electric field. Specifically, the anode current distribution is both uneven and concentrated. The applied axial magnetic field, which cannot reduce the concentrated anode current distribution effectively, might increase the concentration of the anode current. Finally, the uneven distribution of cathode spots reduces the breaking capacity of the arc-extinguishing chamber.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Effect of vacuum arc cathode spot distribution on breaking capacity of the arc-extinguishing chamber

Ding

Yuan

2017

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…For jet column and anode jet modes, the interaction between anode jet and cathode jet becomes more significant. Toya et al [4] thought that the anode discharge mode will influence not only current distribution in arc column but also the bunch of cathode spots. Therefore, electrode material has a serious influence on VA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Characteristics of Anodes by Pure Metal and CuCr Alloy Material in Vacuum Arc

Huang

Wang

Jia

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Anode material seriously influences the characteristics of vacuum arc and further affects the performance of medium-voltage vacuum switches when the interruption current is high. There are many materials used for electrode manufacture, and different materials are selected for different switches. For a pure metal, its performance usually cannot satisfy the actual requirement. To improve switch's performance, an alloy is usually used as an electrode material. In this paper, thermal processes of six kinds of metal anodes (including pure metal and alloy anodes) are simulated and researched. The physical parameters of the pure metals all come from experiment results directly or are fitted by the experimental data. The physical parameters of the CuCr alloys are derived from Cu and Cr parameters. Two kinds of temperature calculation methods are used, which are called melting and solidification model and equivalent specific heat method, respectively. Simulation results show that W and Mo anodes have the higher temperature than Cu, Cr, CuCr25, and CuCr50 anodes. A pure Cr anode has the largest melting width and highest saturated vapor pressure and evaporation energy. A Cu anode has the biggest melting depth. A W anode has the smallest melting width and depth. Axial temperature gradient is related to the thermal conductivity, and the Cr anode has the largest axial temperature gradient. The thermal characteristics of CuCr25 and CuCr50 anodes are located between the pure Cu and Cr anodes. There are two melting points appearing in the results of CuCr alloys, and between the two melting points, the alloy anodes are in solid-liquid mixture state.

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“…In the footpoint mode noticeable erosion of anode material occurs [22,24,25,34], which now exceeds the material deposited by the cathode flux. The erosion of anode material in vapor or molten form from the footpoint(s) usually is more than the erosion from cathode ion sputtering.…”

Section: Footpoint Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Anode modes in vacuum arcs

Miller

1997

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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This paper reviews the five different anode discharge modes which can occur in a vacuum arc. These modes are diffuse arc (low current, with or without anode sputtering), footpoint (intermediate current), and anode spot or intense arc (high current). Descriptions of the various modes are presented, based primarily on experimental results. The hot anode vacuum arc mode, which occurs only with thermally isolated anodes, is also described. The effects of external magnetic fields on anode modes are briefly stated. Cathode modes and arc column modes are also discussed, primarily as they correspond to anode modes. ACKNOWLEDGMENT[21] J. Kutzner, "The Voltage-Current Characteristics of a Diffusion Vacuum Arc,r, physics, 1221 V. N.

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Anode discharge mode and cathodic plasma state in high-current vacuum arcs

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of vacuum arc cathode spot distribution on breaking capacity of the arc-extinguishing chamber

Effect of vacuum arc cathode spot distribution on breaking capacity of the arc-extinguishing chamber

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Characteristics of Anodes by Pure Metal and CuCr Alloy Material in Vacuum Arc

Anode modes in vacuum arcs

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