Annulation Reactions for Conjugated Ladder-Type Oligomers

Abstract

Conjugated ladder-type oligomers are a class of important functional organic materials. They possess intriguing properties stemming from their fully fused aromatic backbones. The construction of the ladder-type backbone relies on a ‘ladderization’ step, which may be accomplished through either kinetically or thermodynamically controlled annulation reactions. The attributes of these reactions are discussed, with relevant recent examples. The development of these reactions is key to continued advances and innovation in the field of organic conjugated materials.1 Introduction2 Kinetic Annulations3 Thermodynamic Annulations4 Future Outlooks and Conclusion

Facile synthesis of indolizines using layered double hydroxides@poly(p‐phenylenediamine) as a catalyst with a green tool (neat technology)

“…The movement in the direction of the perfect synthesis takes up the step numbers, preferably only one product and preferably 100%, and has been followed actively from the time scholars started to make molecules. [38,39] According to the literature, several methods have been suggested for the synthesis of indolizine. In this sense, we aimed at synthesizing indolizines by employing a three-component reaction consisting of acyl bromide, pyridine and acetylene (Scheme 1).…”

1,4-Di(3-alkoxy-2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorophenylene: A Building Block Enabling High-Performance Polymer Semiconductors with Increased Open-Circuit Voltages

“…A rapid progress has been achieved in the development of polymer solar cells (PSCs), recently, which has been attributed to the breakthroughs in material design and synthesis − in conjunction with the optimization of device architectures − and fabrication processes. − State-of-the-art PSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 11% − and 13% − have been reported in fullerene-based and fullerene-free solar cells, respectively. Most high-performance polymers are constructed based on the alternating donor–acceptor (D–A) strategy, − which promotes intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and results in broad and intensive absorption, a narrow band gap, and improved short-circuit current density ( J sc ) in PSCs.…”

Synthesis of an azulene-containing graphene nanoribbon

“…15,16 Using the organic chemistry toolbox, a wide array of GNRs and conjugated ladder polymers (CLPs) with diverse structural features have been prepared and extensively investigated. [16][17][18][19] Various strategies have been developed to modulate the electronic properties of the GNRs. Among these, altering the width and edge configuration are arguably the most popular approchaes.…”

“…15,16 Using the organic chemistry toolbox, a wide array of GNRs and conjugated ladder polymers (CLPs) with diverse structural features have been prepared and extensively investigated. 16–19…”