Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2010–2011

Abstract

The number of births in the United States declined by 1% between 2010 and 2011, to a total of 3 953 593. The general fertility rate also declined by 1% to 63.2 births per 1000 women, the lowest rate ever reported. The total fertility rate was down by 2% in 2011 (to 1894.5 births per 1000 women). The teenage birth rate fell to another historic low in 2011, 31.3 births per 1000 women. Birth rates also declined for women aged 20 to 29 years, but the rates increased for women aged 35 to 39 and 40 to 44 years. The percentage of all births to unmarried women declined slightly to 40.7% in 2011, from 40.8% in 2010. In 2011, the cesarean delivery rate was unchanged from 2010 at 32.8%. The preterm birth rate declined for the fifth straight year in 2011 to 11.72%; the low birth weight rate declined slightly to 8.10%. The infant mortality rate was 6.05 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2011, which was not significantly lower than the rate of 6.15 deaths in 2010. Life expectancy at birth was 78.7 years in 2011, which was unchanged from 2010. Crude death rates for children aged 1 to 19 years did not change significantly between 2010 and 2011. Unintentional injuries and homicide were the first and second leading causes of death, respectively, in this age group. These 2 causes of death jointly accounted for 47.0% of all deaths of children and adolescents in 2011.

Impaired expression of testicular androgen receptor and collagen fibers in the testis of diabetic rats under HAART: the role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea

“…This may result in impairment of the male reproductive health. Although not all diabetic men are infertile, evidences strongly associate T2DM with high prevalence of male subfertility/infertility [16] with associated reduction in birth rates [17]. Consequently, the disturbing increase in the number of diabetic men in reproductive age as well as the multiple molecular mechanisms and pathways that are affected by DM with substantial effects on male reproductive function [18,19].…”

The effect of the use of a new type of partogram on the cesarean section rates

“…However, there is no clear evidence of a simultaneous decrease in maternal or perinatal morbidity or mortality (1,2). The process of labor is associated with both maternal and fetal potential risks, regardless of the mode of delivery (3,4).…”

Epidemiology, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and ERG11 mutations of Candida species isolated from pregnant Chinese Han women

“…Premature or preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in newborns without congenital anomalies or chromosomal abnormalities (Mathews and MacDorman, 2006;Hamilton et al, 2013). It is also associated with a broad spectrum of lifelong neonatal mortality and long term morbidities, such as respiratory problems, learning difficulties, cerebral palsy, and behavior problems (Costeloe, et al, 2012).…”