Annual Seedfall Variation in Nothofagus solandri (Fagaceae), Canterbury, New Zealand

Allen, Robert B.; Platt, Kevin H.

doi:10.2307/3565940

Cited by 115 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…Periodic heavy seeding in silver heech has been shown elsewhere (Franklin 1974), and is consistent with a pattem found in many of New Zealand's dominant tree genera (Brockie 1986;Allen & Platt 1990). Earlier workers considered that annual seed production was less variable in silver beech than in other New Zealand beech species, without years of complete failure (Poole 1948;Mauson 1974).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii(Hook. f.) Oerst.) seedfall patterns in the Takitimu Range, South Island, New Zealand

Burrows

Allen

1991

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii(Hook. f.) Oerst.) seedfall patterns in the Takitimu Range, South Island, New Zealand

Burrows

Allen

1991

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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“…The proportion of seed-bearing fruits varied with altitude (maxima at 450 m in 1996 and at 530±630 m in 1997) as found for other species (Wardle 1970;Manson 1974;Allen & Platt 1990), even if some have described this as viability.…”

Section: F R U I T a N D S E E D R A I Nmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Large interannual¯uctuations in fruiting have been documented for Nothofagus solandri (Allen & Platt 1990) as well as lenga (MascarenÄ o 1987), where there was a 5±19-fold variation between 1977 and 1986 at two sites in Chile. Although data from some years were missing, the results suggest that maximum fruit production occurs every 7 years, and a continuous study between 1981 and 1997 at a mainland site only 250 km from VicunÄ a documented peaks in 1982, 1988 and particularly 1996 (Schmidt Limitation of recruitment by seed production is particularly severe close to the AT.…”

Section: F R U I T a N D S E E D R A I Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although data from some years were missing, the results suggest that maximum fruit production occurs every 7 years, and a continuous study between 1981 and 1997 at a mainland site only 250 km from VicunÄ a documented peaks in 1982, 1988 and particularly 1996 (Schmidt Limitation of recruitment by seed production is particularly severe close to the AT. This restriction could be imposed by pollination (Allen & Platt 1990) or the resources allocated to seed production, or both. Seed dry mass decreased signi®cantly at Balseiro mountain from 9.7 0.4 mg at 450 m to 3.6 0.5 mg at 690 m (Cuevas 1999), suggesting that resource limitation as a consequence of the short growing season and low photosynthetic rates as compared to lower altitudes (Baker 1972;Benecke & Nordmeyer 1982;Barclay & Crawford 1984) is involved.…”

Section: F R U I T a N D S E E D R A I Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cli ortioides (Wardle 1970;Allen & Platt 1990), N. menziesii (Manson 1974), and in several species of Picea (Black & Bliss 1980;Wardle 1981;Szeicz & MacDonald 1995) and the shrub Vaccinium myrtillus (Woodward 1986). This ®rst report of maximum fruit rain at the AT is di cult to explain, because both natural forest borders and those created by fragmentation are associated with adverse environmental conditions (Tranquillini 1979;Murcia 1995).…”

Section: F R U I T a N D S E E D R A I Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tree recruitment at the Nothofagus pumilio alpine timberline in Tierra del Fuego, Chile

2000

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Summary1 Nothofagus pumilio forms an abrupt alpine timberline (AT) at 690 m a.s.l on Balseiro mountain, 54 S, Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Fruit and seed rain (quantity and quality), emergence, density and survival of seedlings were studied across an altitudinal gradient (450±740 m) from within the forest to above the AT. 2 Fruit rain generally declined with altitude but increased between 630 and 690 m before falling sharply beyond the AT. The proportion of seed-bearing fruits, seed viability and seed mass also declined with increasing altitude, but showed no recovery in the vicinity of the AT. 3 Fruit rain decreased exponentially with distance into the alpine zone, so that e ective dispersal rarely exceeded 20 m beyond the AT and few of these fruits contained seeds. 4 Seedling emergence and density decreased with altitude both within the forest and into the alpine zone so that seedlings were found no more than 10±20 m above the AT. Even in 1996, when fruit production was high, successful seedling recruitment was limited to lower altitudes. 5 There was little correlation between altitude and the percentage survival of naturally occurring seedlings within the forest. However, transplanted seedlings survived better at the AT itself than immediately inside the forest, and showed high mortality in the alpine zone. 6 The most severe bottlenecks for tree recruitment within the forest appeared to be seedling emergence and seed production. Above the AT, seed viability and emergence were the principal bottlenecks. 7 Although not all demographic variables declined altitudinally, the overall probability of adult establishment decreased with increasing altitude and became very low once the protection by the tree canopy became unavailable. A demographic model explaining the origin and abrupt character of the AT studied is presented.

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Elevation‐dependent responses of tree mast seeding to climate change over 45 years

Allen

Hurst

Portier

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

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We use seed count data from a New Zealand mono-specific mountain beech forest to test for decadal trends in seed production along an elevation gradient in relation to changes in climate. Seedfall was collected (1965 to 2009) from seed trays located on transect lines at fixed elevations along an elevation gradient (1020 to 1370 m). We counted the number of seeds in the catch of each tray, for each year, and determined the number of viable seeds. Climate variables were obtained from a nearby (<2 km) climate station (914-m elevation). Variables were the sum or mean of daily measurements, using periods within each year known to correlate with subsequent interannual variation in seed production. To determine trends in mean seed production, at each elevation, and climate variables, we used generalized least squares (GLS) regression. We demonstrate a trend of increasing total and viable seed production, particularly at higher elevations, which emerged from marked interannual variation. Significant changes in four seasonal climate variables had GLS regression coefficients consistent with predictions of increased seed production. These variables subsumed the effect of year in GLS regressions with a greater influence on seed production with increasing elevation. Regression models enforce a view that the sequence of climate variables was additive in their influence on seed production throughout a reproductive cycle spanning more than 2 years and including three summers. Models with the most support always included summer precipitation as the earliest variable in the sequence followed by summer maximum daily temperatures. We interpret this as reflecting precipitation driven increases in soil nutrient availability enhancing seed production at higher elevations rather than the direct effects of climate, stand development or rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressures. Greater sensitivity of tree seeding at higher elevations to changes in climate reveals how ecosystem responses to climate change will be spatially variable.

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Annual Seedfall Variation in Nothofagus solandri (Fagaceae), Canterbury, New Zealand

Cited by 115 publications

References 13 publications

Silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii(Hook. f.) Oerst.) seedfall patterns in the Takitimu Range, South Island, New Zealand

Silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii(Hook. f.) Oerst.) seedfall patterns in the Takitimu Range, South Island, New Zealand

Tree recruitment at the Nothofagus pumilio alpine timberline in Tierra del Fuego, Chile

Elevation‐dependent responses of tree mast seeding to climate change over 45 years

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