Annual Ryegrass Intoxication in Cattle and Sheep Fed Oaten Hay Imported from Australia

Nogawa, Makoto; Ishikawa, Toshiyuki; Miyazaki, Shigeru; Suto, Yoko; Sato, Wataru; Taneichi, Atsushi; Kobayashi, Masato

doi:10.12935/jvma1951.50.321

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Outbreaks of ARGT resulting from exposure to heavily contaminated oaten hay have been reported. 31 Therefore, it is conceivable that livestock could be progressively exposed to chronic levels of CTs through fodder that was harvested from a mildly toxic pasture without showing outward signs of disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As very little is known regarding long-term low-level CTs exposure in the field, it is difficult to determine whether the in vivo dose rates reported here represent a plausible scenario in the field. Outbreaks of ARGT resulting from exposure to heavily contaminated oaten hay have been reported . Therefore, it is conceivable that livestock could be progressively exposed to chronic levels of CTs through fodder that was harvested from a mildly toxic pasture without showing outward signs of disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Candidate Serum Biomarkers of Exposure to Tunicamycins in Rats Using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis

et al. 2009

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A model for chronic corynetoxins poisoning has been established in rats exposed to the toxicologically bioequivalent inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation the tunicamycins. Consumption of corynetoxins in contaminated pasture can result in the often fatal neurological disease of grazing livestock annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT). Corynetoxins may also threaten human health as potential contaminants of the food supply via grain or products derived from subclinically exposed animals. The serum proteomes of four dose groups plus a control group following 6, 9, and 12 months dietary tunicamycins exposure were compared by one-dimensional electrophoresis. Numerous differences were observed between the control and the highest dose group (40.5 μg tunicamycins/kg of body weight/day), designated as High). Accordingly, these samples were further examined using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Thirty-three protein spots were found to be differentially displayed between the Control and High dose sera based on univariate statistics (p < 0.05 for log10 transformed normalized volumes) and significant fold-changes in spot volume (±2.3-fold as determined by posthoc power analysis). Identities for 28 spots were obtained by MALDI-TOF MS corresponding to 13 different proteins. An increasing population of carbohydrate deficient transferrin was identified in the High dose sera using a combination of antibody and lectin detection and confirmed by ESI-IT MS/MS. The functionalities of other identified proteins were consistent with the oxidative stress and acute phase responses. The biomarkers identified in this study may not only play a useful role in diagnosing toxin exposure but could be helpful in identifying new treatment strategies for ARGT and equivalent human diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Candidate Serum Biomarkers of Exposure to Tunicamycins in Rats Using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis

et al. 2009

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“…7 Moreover, an outbreak occurred in Japan in sheep and cattle fed contaminated oat hay imported from Australia. 20 A similar neurologic disorder associated with Anguina sp. nematodes and a Rathayibacter-like bacterium has been sporadically reported in cattle and sheep grazing Chewing's fescue (Festuca nigrescens) in Oregon, USA in 1945, 1949 and 1961.…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Corynetoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic disease produced by Rathayibacter toxicus-derived corynetoxins

Finnie

2023

Hum Exp Toxicol

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Corynetoxins, members of the tunicamycin group of antibiotics, are produced by the bacterium, Rathayibacter toxicus. They cause a severe neurologic disorder in domestic livestock, are hepatotoxins, and can damage retinal photoreceptors. For these toxins to be ingested by livestock, the bacterium must first be transported onto host plants by adhering to nematode larvae. In the infected seed heads, bacterial galls (gumma) then form. While corynetoxicity occurs most commonly in Australia, it has occurred sporadically in other countries and, due to the widespread global distribution of the bacterium, nematode, and host plants, there is great potential for further spread, particularly as the range of host plant species and nematode vectors identified for R. toxicus is increasing. Since many animal species are susceptible to corynetoxins poisoning, it is likely that humans would also be vulnerable if exposed to these potent, lethal toxins.

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“…Rathayibacter toxicus is a phytobacterium of forage grasses and related monocots ( 1 ). The bacterium has only been found in Australia, with minor exceptions when infected hay was inadvertently shipped out of the country ( 2 – 4 ). R. toxicus is the causal agent for annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT), which results from bacterial production of a toxin (tunicamycin) in infested seeds.…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%