Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part II: Progress toward Healthy People 2020 objectives for 4 common cancers

Abstract

selected objectives-including death rates, cancer screening, and major risk factors-related to 4 common cancers (lung, colorectal, female breast, and prostate). Baseline values, recent values, and the percentage change from baseline to recent values were examined overall and by select sociodemographic characteristics. Data from national surveillance systems were obtained from the Healthy People 2020 website. RESULTS: Targets for death rates were met overall and in most sociodemographic groups, but not among males, blacks, or individuals in rural areas, although these groups did experience larger decreases in rates compared with other groups. During 2007 through 2017, cancer death rates decreased 15% overall, ranging from −4% (rural) to −22% (metropolitan). Targets for breast and colorectal cancer screening were not yet met overall or in any sociodemographic groups except those with the highest educational attainment, whereas lung cancer screening was generally low (<10%). Targets were not yet met overall for cigarette smoking, recent smoking cessation, excessive alcohol use, or obesity but were met for secondhand smoke exposure and physical activity. Some sociodemographic groups did not meet targets or had less improvement than others toward reaching objectives. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring trends in cancer risk factors, screening test use, and mortality can help assess the progress made toward decreasing the cancer burden in the United States. Although many interventions to reduce cancer risk factors and promote healthy behaviors are proven to work, they may not be equitably applied or work well in every community. Implementing cancer prevention and control interventions that are sustainable, focused, and culturally appropriate may boost success in communities with the greatest need, ensuring that all Americans can access a path to long, healthy, cancer-free lives. Cancer 2020;126:2250-2266.

Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part I: National cancer statistics

“…These trends reflect population changes in cancer risk factors, screening test use, diagnostic practices, and treatment advances . Part II of this report showed that Healthy People 2020 objectives were not yet met overall for major cancer risk factors such as excess body weight, excessive alcohol use, and cigarette smoking . Historical declines in cigarette smoking have been reflected by declines in incidence of and mortality from several tobacco‐related cancers, including lung, larynx, and bladder, which have greatly affected the overall incidence and death rates .…”

“…For example, the number of cases may increase through the detection of indolent, slow‐growing, or inconsequential tumors, or the number of malignant colorectal and cervical cases may decrease when screening tests detect precancerous lesions that are treated before progressing to cancer. Part II of this report shows that the current use of recommended screening tests is suboptimal, ranging from <10% for lung cancer to 60% for colorectal cancer, 72% for breast cancer, and 81% for cervical cancer . Furthermore, breast and cervical cancer screening use has declined .…”

“…Future trends in cancer incidence and mortality will be affected by changes in the demographics of the US population, which is projected to be older and more racially and ethnically diverse . Tailored approaches for proven, evidence‐based interventions may help maintain progress in decreasing the cancer burden in the United States …”

“…Each year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Cancer Society (ACS), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate to provide updated information about cancer occurrence and trends in the United States and to address a special topic of interest . Part I of this report focuses on national cancer statistics, and part II characterizes progress in achieving Healthy People 2020 objectives related to four common cancers …”

Induction of STK11-dependent cytoprotective autophagy in breast cancer cells upon honokiol treatment

“…Despite tremendous progress in encouraging regular screenings, identifying breast lesions at earlier stages and availability of multiple combination therapeutic strategies, breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancerrelated mortality in women 1,2 . Major hurdles include poor de novo response to therapies; development of acquired resistance leading to recurrent disease and metastasis; and non-compliance in patients owing to poor tolerance of drug-related side effects.…”