Annual plankton dynamics in a coupled physical–biological model of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

Peña, M. Angélica; Masson, Diane; Callendar, W.

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2016.06.002

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This sill rises to depths of 55 m to 100 m and causes considerable vertical mixing during strong tidal currents in the Strait of Juan de Fuca (Ebbesmeyer & Barnes, 1980; Khangaonkar, Long, & Xu, 2017; Soontiens & Allen, 2017). This mixing creates spatial discontinuities in sediment load (Johannessen, Masson, & Macdonald, 2006), salinity (Masson & Cummins, 2000), nutrient load (Peña, Masson, & Callendar, 2016), and primary production (Masson & Peña, 2009). Sills are therefore seen as a mechanism limiting larval dispersal, and indeed, similar sills in Norwegian fjords seem to represent a barrier for the export of pelagic eggs of Atlantic cod, thus explaining the small‐scale differentiation found there (Knutsen et al., 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population assignment and local adaptation along an isolation‐by‐distance gradient in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

Drinan

Gruenthal

Canino

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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The discernment of populations as management units is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable exploitation of species. A lack of clear stock boundaries complicates not only the identification of spatial management units, but also the assessment of mixed fisheries by population assignment and mixed stock analysis. Many marine species, such as Pacific cod, are characterized by isolation by distance, showing significant differentiation but no clear stock boundaries. Here, we used restriction‐site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to investigate population structure and assess power to genetically assign Pacific cod to putative populations of origin. Samples were collected across the species range in the eastern Pacific Ocean, from the Salish Sea to the Aleutian Islands. A total of 6,425 putative biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified from 276 individuals. We found a strong isolation‐by‐distance signal along coastlines that mirrored previous microsatellite results and pronounced genetic differentiation between coastal samples and those from the inland waters of the Salish Sea, with no evidence for hybridization between these two populations. Individual assignment success based on two methods was high overall (≥84%) but decreased from south to north. Assignment to geographic location of origin also was successful, with average distance between capture and assignment location of 220 km. Outlier analyses identified more loci potentially under selection along the coast than between Salish Sea and coastal samples, suggesting more diverse adaptation to latitudinal environmental factors than inshore vs. offshore environments. Our results confirm previous observations of sharp genetic differentiation of the Salish Sea population and isolation by distance along the coast, but also highlight the feasibility of using modern genomic techniques to inform stock boundaries and fisheries management in a low F ST marine species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population assignment and local adaptation along an isolation‐by‐distance gradient in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

Drinan

Gruenthal

Canino

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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“…The model captures interannual variability in the biology and in the physics driving the biological variability -the model accurately predicts the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom (Allen and Wolfe, 2013;Allen et al, 2016). The large seasonal variation of the carbon cycle is captured with some underestimation of DIC in the summer due to over-productivity , a common problem with coupled models in the Strait of Georgia (e.g., Peña et al, 2016). Evaluation of pH and A in the model shows both systematic and non-systematic errors .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the summer depth of the chlorophyll maximum of 5 m (Peña et al, 2016) and typical mixing layer depths of 1-7 m (Collins et al, 2009), we use 0.5 m vertical resolution and model the upper 40 m. The vertical model is located directly to the northwest of the Fraser River plume region (Fig. 1b).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use profiles of temperature, salinity, fluorescence, chlorophyll a, nitrate, and dissolved silica (1999 through 2012) measured near the model site (Pawlowicz et al, 2007;Masson, 2006;Masson and Peña, 2009;Peña et al, 2016) (Diane Masson, personal communication, 2014) to initialize the model (see Moore-Maley et al, 2016). Model runs are initialized in fall and run through a full year and then beyond until the end of the following December.…”

Section: Initialization and Forcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sensitivity of estuarine aragonite saturation state and pH to the carbonate chemistry of a freshet-dominated river

2018

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Abstract. Ocean acidification threatens to reduce pH and aragonite saturation state ( A ) in estuaries, potentially damaging their ecosystems. However, the impact of highly variable river total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on pH and A in these estuaries is unknown. We assess the sensitivity of estuarine surface pH and A to river TA and DIC using a coupled biogeochemical model of the Strait of Georgia on the Canadian Pacific coast and place the results in the context of global rivers. The productive Strait of Georgia estuary has a large, seasonally variable freshwater input from the glacially fed, undammed Fraser River. Analyzing TA observations from this river plume and pH from the river mouth, we find that the Fraser is moderately alkaline (TA 500-1000 µmol kg −1 ) but relatively DICrich. Model results show that estuarine pH and A are sensitive to freshwater DIC and TA, but do not vary in synchrony except at high DIC : TA. The asynchrony occurs because increased freshwater TA is associated with increased DIC, which contributes to an increased estuarine DIC : TA and reduces pH, while the resulting higher carbonate ion concentration causes an increase in estuarine A . When freshwater DIC : TA increases (beyond ∼ 1.1), the shifting chemistry causes a paucity of the carbonate ion that overwhelms the simple dilution/enhancement effect. At this high DIC : TA ratio, estuarine sensitivity to river chemistry increases overall. Furthermore, this increased sensitivity extends to reduced flow regimes that are expected in future. Modulating these negative impacts is the seasonal productivity in the estuary which draws down DIC and reduces the sensitivity of estuarine pH to increasing DIC during the summer season.

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“…We use profiles of temperature, salinity, fluorescence, chlorophyll a, nitrate, and dissolved silica (1999 through 2012) measured near the model site (Pawlowicz et al, 2007;Masson, 2006;Masson and Peña, 2009;Peña et al, 2016) (D. Masson, personal communication, 2014) to initialize the model (Moore-Maley et al, 2016). Model runs are initialized in autumn and run through 20 a full year and then beyond until the end of the following December.…”

Section: Initialization and Forcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sensitivity of estuarine aragonite saturation state and pH to the carbonate chemistry of a freshet-dominated river

Moore-Maley¹,

Ianson²,

Allen³

2017

Preprint

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Abstract.Ocean acidification threatens to reduce pH and aragonite saturation state (Ω A ) in estuaries, potentially damaging their ecosystems. However, the impact of highly variable river total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on pHand Ω A in these estuaries is unknown. We assess the sensitivity of estuarine surface pH and Ω A to river chemistry using a 1-dimensional, biogeochemical-coupled model of the Strait of Georgia on the Canadian Pacific coast and generalize the results 5 in the context of global rivers. The productive Strait of Georgia estuary has a large, seasonally variable freshwater input from the glacially fed, undammed Fraser River. Analyzing TA and pH observations from this river and its estuary, we find that the Fraser is moderately alkaline (TA 500-1350 µmol kg −1 ) but relatively DIC-rich, especially during winter (low flow). Model results show that estuarine pH and Ω A , while sensitive to freshwater DIC and TA, do not vary in synchrony. Instead, rivers with high DIC and TA produce lower estuarine pH due to an increased estuarine DIC:TA ratio, but higher estuarine Ω A because of 10 DIC contributions to the carbonate ion. This estuarine pH sensitivity decreases with increasing mean river TA, but the zone of maximum pH sensitivity also moves to higher salinity which could impact a larger areal extent of the estuary. Many temperate rivers, such as the Fraser, are expected to experience weaker freshets and stronger winter flows under climate change, reducing the extent of the river plume and the impact of river chemistry in much of the estuary. However, increasing carbon in rivers will move the highest sensitivity zone to higher salinities that cover larger areas under present-day flow regimes.

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Annual plankton dynamics in a coupled physical–biological model of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

Cited by 39 publications

References 51 publications

Population assignment and local adaptation along an isolation‐by‐distance gradient in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

Population assignment and local adaptation along an isolation‐by‐distance gradient in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

The sensitivity of estuarine aragonite saturation state and pH to the carbonate chemistry of a freshet-dominated river

The sensitivity of estuarine aragonite saturation state and pH to the carbonate chemistry of a freshet-dominated river

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