Annual Myopia Progression and Subsequent 2-Year Myopia Progression in Singaporean Children

Matsumura, Saiko; Lança, Carla Costa; Htoon, Hla Myint; Brennan, Noel A.; Tan, Chin Wen; Kathrani, Biten K; Chia, Audrey; Tan, Donald; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Saw, Seang‐Mei

doi:10.1167/tvst.9.13.12

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…That is why only known patients being followed-up in the same institution and with previous cycloplegic refraction were included. On the other hand, we do not believe that age-related progression reduction might be a factor that could have modified the significance of the result during the treatment year 39 . (4) Unlike financially supported clinical trials, in our study the drug was compounded in multiple local sites and therefore it could had been variations in the concentrations and quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This finding seems to be corroborated by LAMP study, which shows how youngest children require higher concentration to reach the same myopic progression reduction than eldest children with lower concentration 33 . Furthermore, it has been discovered that the influence of the outbreak age in myopia progression differs across populations 38 and that annual progression as an isolated factor cannot be used to predict long-term progression 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A multicenter Spanish study of atropine 0.01% in childhood myopia progression

Pérez-Flores

Macías-Murelaga

Barrio-Barrio

2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of atropine 0.01% eye drops for myopia control in a multicentric pediatric Spanish cohort. An interventional, prospective, multicenter study was designed. Children aged between 6 and 14 years, with myopia between − 2.00 D to − 6.00 D, astigmatism < 1.50 D and documented previous annual progression greater than − 0.5 D (cycloplegic spherical equivalent, SE) were included. Once nightly atropine 0.01% eye drops in each eye were prescribed to all participants for 12 months. Age, gender, ethnicity and iris color were registered. All patients underwent the same follow-up protocol in every center: baseline visit, telephone consultation 2 weeks later and office controls at 4, 8 and 12 months. At each visit, best-corrected visual acuity, and cycloplegic autorefraction were assessed. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth and pupil diameter were measured on an IOL Master (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc, Dublin, CA). Adverse effects were registered in a specific questionnaire. Mean changes in cycloplegic SE and AL in the 12 months follow-up were analyzed. SE progression during treatment was compared with the SE progression in the year before enrollment for each patient. Correlation between SE and AL, and annual progression distribution were evaluated. Progression risk factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Of the 105 recruited children, 92 completed the treatment. Mean SE and AL changes were − 0.44 ± 0.41 D and 0.27 ± 0.20 mm respectively. Mean SE progression was lower than the year before treatment (− 0.44 ± 0.41 D versus − 1.01 ± 0.38 D; p < 0.0001). An inverse correlation between SE progression and AL progression (r: − 0.42; p < 0.0001) was found. Fifty-seven patients (62%) had a SE progression less than − 0.50 D. No risk factors associated with progression could be identified in multivariate analyses. Mean pupil diameter increment at 12-months visit was 0.74 ± 1.76 mm. The adverse effects were mild and infrequent, and decreased over the time. Atropine 0.01% is effective and safe for myopia progression control in a multicentric Spanish children cohort. We believe this efficacy might be extensible to the myopic pediatric population from Western countries with similar social and demographic features. More studies about myopia progression risk factors among atropine treated patients are needed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multicenter Spanish study of atropine 0.01% in childhood myopia progression

Pérez-Flores

Macías-Murelaga

Barrio-Barrio

2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since axial elongation naturally slows with time, it is reasonable to believe that the efficacy of high-dose atropine wanes over time. However, it is difficult to know whether the observed reductions in axial elongation with low-dose atropine during the second year were simply a function of this deceleration in growth or a change in the efficacy of atropine ( 21 , 57 ). The treatment efficacy of atropine should be further investigated with longer follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying Dose of Atropine in Slowing Myopia Progression in Children Over Different Follow-Up Periods by Meta-Analysis

Gan

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of atropine for slowing myopia progression and to investigate whether the treatment effect remains constant with continuing treatment.Method: Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from their inception to May 2021, and the language was limited to English. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies involving atropine in at least one intervention and placebo/non-atropine treatment in another as the control were included and subgroup analysis based on low dose (0.01%), moderate dose (0.01%–<0.5%), and high dose (0.5–1.0%) were conducted. The Cochrane Collaboration and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to evaluate the quality of RCTs and cohort studies, respectively.Results: Twelve RCTs and fifteen cohort studies involving 5,069 children aged 5 to 15 years were included. The weighted mean differences in myopia progression between the atropine and control groups were 0.73 diopters (D), 0.67 D, and 0.35 D per year for high-dose, moderate-dose, and low-dose atropine, respectively (χ2 = 13.76; P = 0.001, I2 = 85.5%). After removing studies that provided extreme findings, atropine demonstrated a significant dose-dependent effect on both refractive change and axial elongation, with higher dosages of atropine resulting in less myopia progression (r = 0.85; P = 0.004) and less axial elongation (r = −0.94; P = 0.005). Low-dose atropine showed less myopia progression (−0.23 D; P = 0.005) and less axial elongation (0.09 mm, P < 0.001) in the second year than in the first year, whereas in high-dose atropine more axial elongation (−0.15 mm, P = 0.003) was observed. The higher dose of atropine was associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects, such as photophobia with an odds ratio (OR) of 163.57, compared with an OR of 6.04 for low-dose atropine and 8.63 for moderate-dose atropine (P = 0.03).Conclusion: Both the efficacy and adverse effects of atropine are dose-dependent in slowing myopia progression in children. The efficacy of high-dose atropine was reduced after the first year of treatment, whereas low-dose atropine had better efficacy in a longer follow-up period.

show abstract

“…A limitation to this study is the wide range of myopia in this group, as baseline SER can influence the amount of progression [5]. This range was derived from the desire to include all children that had begun atropine treatment exactly one year before the first lockdown and to measure the influence of the year of COVID-19 lockdowns and social distancing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased effectiveness of 0.01% atropine treatment for myopia control during prolonged COVID-19 lockdowns

Erdinest

London

Levinger

et al. 2022

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 and its' accompanied lockdowns impacted the entire globe in ways the world is only beginning to comprehend. In Israel, children age 9-15 had not been in a frontal classroom and been socially restricted from March 2020 till March 2021. Fourteen of these children that had been under myopia control treatment which had been effective prior to the pandemic were included in this retrospective study to learn if their myopia continued to stay under control, or if the unique environmental modifications affected their progression. The results showed that average increase in spherical equivalent refraction and axial length, measured with optical biometer OA-2000 (Tomey GmbH, Nagoya, Japan), during the year of lockdowns was − 0.73 ± 0.46D/0.46 ± 0.31 mm respectively, while the average increase in the year prior was − 0.33 ± 0.27D/0.24 ± 0.21 mm. Though several articles have indicated the pandemic environment has influenced myopia progression in children, this communication indicates a possible significant impact of the environment on myopia increase even in individuals under effective atropine treatment. These children's' progression suggests practitioners consider and address multiple aspects simultaneously when attempting myopia control.

show abstract

Annual Myopia Progression and Subsequent 2-Year Myopia Progression in Singaporean Children

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

A multicenter Spanish study of atropine 0.01% in childhood myopia progression

A multicenter Spanish study of atropine 0.01% in childhood myopia progression

Varying Dose of Atropine in Slowing Myopia Progression in Children Over Different Follow-Up Periods by Meta-Analysis

Decreased effectiveness of 0.01% atropine treatment for myopia control during prolonged COVID-19 lockdowns

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About