Annual mean analysis of the tropical heat balance and associations with the Walker circulation

Augusto, José; Veiga, Paixão; Brahamananda, Vadlamudi

doi:10.1590/s0102-77862011000100001

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…According to the authors this occurs due to a decreasing in the frequency of strong updrafts and an increasing in the frequency of weak updrafts. [8] points to a strong decrease of the WC in an environment with doubled CO 2 concentration, inducing a significant rising in the SST over the Pacific Ocean. According to [33] the slowdown of the WC in a warmer atmosphere is a response to a decrease in the zonal SST gradient, a pattern associated with El Niño.…”

Section: Energy and Conversion Terms During Elmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…From an annual mean analysis of the heat balance of the WC [8] showed that ascending motion in the WC's upward branch is determined by the joint effect of latent heat and radiative cooling processes while infrared radiation loss is associated with sink motions on the WC's descending branch. Once warm air rises and relatively cold air sinks, respectively, over the western and eastern equatorial Pacific basin there is a continuous conversion between potential and kinetic energy; however, what maintains the apparently continuous generation of the kinetic energy reservoir at the expense of available potential energy had not been quantified yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Energy Cycle Associated to the Pacific Walker Circulation and Its Relationship to ENSO

Veiga¹,

Pezza²,

Ambrizzi³

et al. 2013

ACS

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In this paper we study the Lorenz energy cycle of the Walker circulation associated with ENSO. The robust formulation of the energetics allows drawing a clear picture of the global energy and conversion terms associated with the three dimensional domains appropriate to qualify the large scale transfers that influence, and are influenced by, the anomalies during ENSO. A clear picture has emerged in that El Niño and La Niña years have approximately opposite anomalous energy fluxes, regardless of a non-linear response identified in the potential energy fields (zonal and eddy). During El Niños the tropical atmosphere is characterized by an increase of zonal available potential energy, decrease of eddy available potential energy and decrease of kinetic energy fields. This results in weaker upper level jets and a slowingdown of the overall Walker cell. During La Niñas reversed conditions are triggered, with an acceleration of the Walker cell as observed from the positive anomalous kinetic energy. The potential energy in the Walker circulation domain during the cold phase is also reduced. An equally opposite behavior is also experienced by the energy conversion terms according to the ENSO phase. The behavior of anomalous energetics seems to be triggered at about the same time when ENSO starts to manifest for both the positive and negative phases, suggesting a coupled mechanism in which atmospheric and oceanic anomalies interact and feed back onto each other.

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Section: Energy and Conversion Terms During Elmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Energy Cycle Associated to the Pacific Walker Circulation and Its Relationship to ENSO

Veiga¹,

Pezza²,

Ambrizzi³

et al. 2013

ACS

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“…Hence, the temperature tendency is of greatest interest, which is also employed by Veiga et al (2011).…”

Section: Mse Framework To Understand the Energy Balance For Sustaining The Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, one of our goals is to determine which terms in Equation are of first‐order importance at each vertical level through the tropospheric Wall. In general, within the tropics, adiabatic heating of large‐scale downward motion is balanced with diabatic cooling (i.e., radiative cooling), and this energy budget is mostly true for the Walker circulation as well (Veiga et al., 2011). In the Wall region, however, we will show that horizontal cold advection and eddy cooling are of first‐order importance to sustain the lower and upper tropospheric downward motion, respectively.…”

Section: Climatology Of the Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When this framework is applied to the budget at a constant height in the Wall region, the

L q

term is of second order importance assuming that the Wall region is dry enough:

{(|, \frac{\partial false(M S E false)}{\partial t})}_{Z = c o n s t .} = C_{p} {(|, \frac{\partial T}{\partial t})}_{Z = c o n s t .} + L {(|, \frac{\partial q}{\partial t})}_{Z = c o n s t .} ≃ C_{p} {(|, \frac{\partial T}{\partial t})}_{Z = c o n s t .}

Hence, the temperature tendency is of greatest interest, which is also employed by Veiga et al. (2011).…”

Section: Climatology Of the Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Wall‐Like Sharp Downward Branch of the Walker Circulation Above the Western Indian Ocean

et al. 2021

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The Walker circulation is the most prominent planetary-scale tropical atmospheric circulation in the zonal direction (e.g., Bjerknes, 1969;Walker, 1923Walker, , 1924. It has been understood that, to first order, the vertical motion associated with the Walker circulation consists of upward branches over relatively warm surfaces (e.g., the warm pool in the western Pacific) and downward branches over relatively cool surface (e.g., the cold tongue in the eastern Pacific; e.g., Lau & Yang, 2003). In the context of climate variability, trends and interannual variability of the Walker circulation have long been investigated in association with climate modes and the greenhouse gas forcing (e.g., Tanaka et al., 2004). In particular, the Pacific branches of the Walker circulation have received much attention, because its interannual fluctuation serves as the atmospheric component of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the most dominant interannual climate mode on Earth (e.g., Bjerknes, 1969).As a mean state, however, a downward branch of the Walker circulation above the western Indian Ocean also exhibits a strong subsidence, which is at least comparable to the Pacific downward branch. Figure 1a shows the annual-mean equatorial vertical motion calculated by taking the meridional mean over the

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Annual mean analysis of the tropical heat balance and associations with the Walker circulation

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

The Energy Cycle Associated to the Pacific Walker Circulation and Its Relationship to ENSO

The Energy Cycle Associated to the Pacific Walker Circulation and Its Relationship to ENSO

A Wall‐Like Sharp Downward Branch of the Walker Circulation Above the Western Indian Ocean

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