Annual changes in hair length of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata)

Inagaki, Haruhisa; Nigi, Hideo

doi:10.1007/bf02380851

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We divided our dataset in four parts to account for seasonal variations biologically relevant to the studied host-parasite system. The winter dataset included observations between January and March and corresponded to the macaques’ mating season 72 , as well as to the period in which macaque hair is at its longest and densest 36 . The spring dataset included observations between April and June and corresponded to a non-breeding season and the period in which macaques started moulting.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, host energetic demands and physiology as well as social contact and proximity networks also change seasonally and seasonal changes in host reproductive activity can induce variation in host immune defence 32 and social tendencies 33 34 35 . Individuals furthermore moult seasonally, hair being longest/densest in winter and shortest/sparsest in summer 36 , which may strongly affect louse reproduction and survival but also louse detection during grooming. Host susceptibility to infection can also be related to an individual’s general physical condition 37 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Network centrality and seasonality interact to predict lice load in a social primate

Duboscq

Romano

Sueur

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Lice are socially-transmitted ectoparasites. Transmission depends upon their host’s degree of contact with conspecifics. While grooming facilitates ectoparasite transmission via body contact, it also constrains their spread through parasite removal. We investigated relations between parasite burden and sociality in female Japanese macaques following two opposing predictions: i) central females in contact/grooming networks harbour more lice, related to their numerous contacts; ii) central females harbour fewer lice, related to receiving more grooming. We estimated lice load non-invasively using the conspicuous louse egg-picking behaviour performed by macaques during grooming. We tested for covariation in several centrality measures and lice load, controlling for season, female reproductive state and dominance rank. Results show that the interaction between degree centrality (number of partners) and seasonality predicted lice load: females interacting with more partners had fewer lice than those interacting with fewer partners in winter and summer, whereas there was no relationship between lice load and centrality in spring and fall. This is counter to the prediction that increased contact leads to greater louse burden but fits the prediction that social grooming limits louse burden. Interactions between environmental seasonality and both parasite and host biology appeared to mediate the role of social processes in louse burden.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Network centrality and seasonality interact to predict lice load in a social primate

Duboscq

Romano

Sueur

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Hair does not resorb or turn over, thus a speci®c period of feeding is monitored by each segment of hair analyzed. Among the few species studied, monkeys lose hair in molts (Inagaki and Nigi 1988;Dietz et al 1995;Isbell 1995) which occur relatively rapidly (4±6 weeks once during the year). Thus, hair d 13 C and d 15 N values probably correspond to diets taken during a limited portion of the year.…”

Section: Hair Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological attributes recorded in stable isotope ratios of arboreal prosimian hair

1998

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Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in hair samples from two species of Galago from Gedi Ruins National Monument in eastern Kenya and from Lepilemur leucopus from Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve in southern Madagascar. Forest structure was generally similar in the two areas but average rainfall was lower in Madagascar. Species average C values varied with feeding height in the forest canopy and with average rainfall level as expected from reported variation in plantC values. G. garnettii, which feeds higher in the forest canopy, had less negative C values than G. zanzibaricus, which spends more time below 5 m. L. leucopus, from a drought-afflicted forest, had less negative hairC values than the two galago species. The values within the Lepilemur sample showed a positive linear relation with percent dependence on a CAM tree species and with xeric conditions within the species reserve. Nitrogen stable isotope ratios varied with trophic level of feeding and with time spent feeding on leguminous plants. The insectivorous galagos had significantly more positive N values than the folivorous L. leucopus. Within the Lepilemur sample,N values varied inversely with the percent of feeding time spent on leguminous plants. The range of N andC values in each of the prosimian species is larger than reported for animals fed monotonous diets and for New World monkey species. The monkey species feed as groups of individuals whereas the prosimians have solitary feeding habits. The ranges in the prosimian species apparently reflect the greater variation in diet among individual prosimians compared to individual monkeys. The isotope data reported here are equivalent, on average, to those reported for other arboreal species from similar forest habitats and with similar dietary habits. This supports the use of such data for paleoecological reconstruction of forest and woodland systems and diet reconstruction of extinct primate populations and species.

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“…To assess seasonal differences in the number of louse eggs, we categorized individuals into those with a winter coat (culled between October and March) and those with a summer coat (culled between April and September) following the methods of Inagaki and Nigi ( 1988 ). We sampled five winter coats and three summer coats for each age–sex class (Table I ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Number of Louse Eggs on Wild Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) Varies with Age, but Not with Sex or Season

et al. 2017

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During grooming, primates remove harmful ectoparasites, such as ticks and lice, and there is direct evidence for a health benefit of tick removal. Grooming behaviors differ among primates with respect to age and sex. Moreover, the number of ectoparasite may exhibit seasonal variation. Therefore the number of ectoparasites on a host may vary with effects, host age and sex, and season. However, these effects have not been a focus of louse infestation studies of primates. Grooming in Japanese macaques is related to sex and age, with developmental changes in behavior corresponding to the timing of tooth eruption. Moreover, behavioral data for Japanese macaques suggest that lice load may differ with the season. Thus, we examined whether the number of louse eggs varies according to host macaque sex, age, and season, and whether it changes in response to tooth eruption. We counted unhatched and hatched eggs attached to the hair on six 1-cm2 areas on the left wrist skin of culled macaques, using a stereoscopic microscope. We sampled five winter coats and three summer coats for each age class: infant, juvenile, adolescent, and adult. The number of unhatched and hatched eggs was related to age, but not to sex and season. There were significant differences in the number of unhatched eggs between infants and adults, juveniles and adults, and adolescents and adults. There were also significant differences in the number of hatched eggs between infants and adults, juveniles and adults, adolescents and adults. Tooth eruption did not influence the number of louse eggs. These results suggest that researchers should consider the age of host animals when assessing the relationship between grooming and ectoparasites.

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Annual changes in hair length of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata)

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Network centrality and seasonality interact to predict lice load in a social primate

Network centrality and seasonality interact to predict lice load in a social primate

Ecological attributes recorded in stable isotope ratios of arboreal prosimian hair

The Number of Louse Eggs on Wild Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) Varies with Age, but Not with Sex or Season

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