Annual carbon balance of Canada's forests during 1895–1996

Chen, Jing; Chen, Wenjun; Liu, Jane; Cihlar, J.; Gray, Stephen T.

doi:10.1029/1999gb001207

Cited by 161 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…Similar trends toward increase in forest carbon stocks have been observed everywhere across the temperate and boreal zones during recent decades [9,34]. The reasons behind these trends are still not entirely clear but are known to differ among regions [3,25,34,56,58].…”

Section: Accumulation Of Carbon In the Forestssupporting

confidence: 49%

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Carbon accumulation in Finland's forests 1922–2004 – an estimate obtained by combination of forest inventory data with modelling of biomass, litter and soil

Lehtonen²,

et al. 2006

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-Comparable regional scale estimates for the carbon balance of forests are needed for scientific and political purposes. We developed a method for deriving these estimates from readily available forest inventory data by using statistical biomass models and dynamic modelling of litter and soil. Here, we demonstrate this method and apply it to Finland's forests between 1922 and 2004. The method was reliable, since the results obtained were comparable to independent data. The amount of carbon stored in the forests increased by 29%, 79% of which was found in the biomass and 21% in the litter and soil. The carbon balance varied annually, depending on the climate and level of harvesting, with each of these factors having effects on the biomass differing from those on the litter and soil. Our results demonstrate the importance of accounting for all forest carbon pools to avoid misleading pictures of short-and long-term forest carbon balance.carbon inventory / forest biomass / greenhouse gas inventory / litter / soil modelling Résumé -Accumulation de carbone dans les forêts finlandaises entre 1922 et 2004, une estimation obtenue en combinant les données de l'inventaire forestier avec une modélisation de la biomasse de la litière et du sol. Une estimation comparable à l'échelle régionale du bilan de carbone des forêts était nécessaire pour des objectifs scientifiques et politiques. Nous avons développé une méthode pour déduire ces estimations de données facilement disponibles de l'inventaire forestier en utilisant des modèles statistique de la biomasse et une modélisation dynamique de la litière et du sol. Ici nous présentons cette méthode et l'appliquons aux forêts de Finlande entre 1922 et 2004. La méthode a été fiable, puisque les résultats obtenus ont été comparables à des données indépendantes. La quantité de carbone accumulée dans les forêts s'est accrue de 29 %,79 % de ce qui a été trouvé dans la biomasse et 21 % dans la litière et le sol. Le bilan de carbone varie annuellement, selon le climat et l'importance de la récolte, chacun de ces facteurs ayant des effets sur la biomasse différents de ceux qui agissent sur la litière et sur le sol. Nos résultats démontrent l'importance de comptabiliser tous les réservoirs de carbone en forêt pour éviter des images trompeuses du bilan de carbone des forêts à court et moyen terme.inventaire du carbone / biomasse forestière / inventaire des gaz à effet de serre / litière / sol

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Section: Accumulation Of Carbon In the Forestssupporting

confidence: 49%

“…4). Clearly, nonhuman-induced factors such as natural disturbances have been less crucial to the carbon of balance of forests in Finland than in the remote forests of Canada or Russia [3,25,58] because Finland's forests have been intensively managed and efficiently protected from natural disturbances.…”

Section: Accumulation Of Carbon In the Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon accumulation in Finland's forests 1922–2004 – an estimate obtained by combination of forest inventory data with modelling of biomass, litter and soil

Lehtonen²,

et al. 2006

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“…For example, Chen et al (2000) suggest that an increase in NPP of the order of 30% could be anticipated in Canada's boreal forests, while Flannigan et al (2005b) project a doubling in the area burned annually by wildfire in Canada. Even if a 30% increase in NPP were to translate into a 30% increase in NEP, the star symbols in figure 8a,b indicate that this would not be sufficient to offset the anticipated increases in fire disturbance rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could increased boreal forest ecosystem productivity offset carbon losses from increased disturbances?

Kurz

Stinson

Rampley

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

104

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To understand how boreal forest carbon (C) dynamics might respond to anticipated climatic changes, we must consider two important processes. First, projected climatic changes are expected to increase the frequency of fire and other natural disturbances that would change the forest age-class structure and reduce forest C stocks at the landscape level. Second, global change may result in increased net primary production (NPP). Could higher NPP offset anticipated C losses resulting from increased disturbances? We used the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector to simulate rate changes in disturbance, growth and decomposition on a hypothetical boreal forest landscape and to explore the impacts of these changes on landscape-level forest C budgets. We found that significant increases in net ecosystem production (NEP) would be required to balance C losses from increased natural disturbance rates. Moreover, increases in NEP would have to be sustained over several decades and be widespread across the landscape. Increased NEP can only be realized when NPP is enhanced relative to heterotrophic respiration. This study indicates that boreal forest C stocks may decline as a result of climate change because it would be difficult for enhanced growth to offset C losses resulting from anticipated increases in disturbances.

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“…Recent terrestrial carbon cycle studies have emphasized the need to characterize the spatial distribution of carbon balance because the distribution pattern will help understand the mechanisms of the terrestrial carbon sinks and predict the future trends (Chen, Chen, Liu, & Cihlar, 2000;Schimel, 1995). Satellite remote sensing methods are believed to have the potential to achieve this goal (Cihlar, Denning, & Gosz, 2000;Field, Randerson, & Malmstrom, 1995;Running, Loveland, & Pierce, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of vegetation clumping index using hot spot signatures measured by POLDER instrument

Lacaze

2002

Remote Sensing of Environment

117

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The potential use of the information from a sampling of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) has suffered from the lack of solid applications in ecology, where it is expected to play the role of an advanced descriptor of vegetation as a complement to hyperspectral measurements. Such a shortcoming stems from the lack of consistent angular data sets with an adequate resolution at global scale. In this context, the POLDER instrument is particularly relevant because it acquires directional radiance signatures at a high angular resolution and thereby provides the first global BRDF product. In this paper, we investigate how to discriminate vegetation types in using only a portion of the BRDF, in particular, the two paramount directional signatures, which are the maximum (hot spot) and the minimum (dark spot) of reflectance observed in the backscattering and forward scattering regions, respectively. A directional index hot -dark spot (HDS) is formulated using these two signatures. It is defined as the normalized difference between the reflectances at the hot spot and dark spot. It is shown that the HDS can be linearly related with the foliage clumping index for three different vegetation types observed by the spaceborne POLDER sensor. The significance of the clumping index mapping for ecological studies is evaluated using the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS). Considering foliage clumping in BEPS, the estimation of daily canopy photosynthesis can differ about 20% for a black spruce site. In this context, it is expected that the findings of this study will have a strong impact on the use of directional optical remote sensing to improve the assessment of terrestrial productivity and carbon cycle. D

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Annual carbon balance of Canada's forests during 1895–1996

Abstract: [1999] for the United States suggests that North America (> 15øN), was probably a C sink of 0.2-0.5 Pg C yr '• during 1980s, much less than that of 1.7 Pg C yr" estimated by Fan et al.[1998] using an atmospheric inversion method.

Cited by 161 publications

References 34 publications

Carbon accumulation in Finland's forests 1922–2004 – an estimate obtained by combination of forest inventory data with modelling of biomass, litter and soil

Carbon accumulation in Finland's forests 1922–2004 – an estimate obtained by combination of forest inventory data with modelling of biomass, litter and soil

Could increased boreal forest ecosystem productivity offset carbon losses from increased disturbances?

Retrieval of vegetation clumping index using hot spot signatures measured by POLDER instrument

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