Annual Blood Catecholamine, Thyroxine, Lipid and Glucose Levels in Growing and Fully-Grown Reindeer

Nieminen, Mauri; Timisjärvi, J.; Ojutkangas, Virve; Hissa, R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-027354-9.50072-7

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The calf has no subcutaneous fat layer, but brownish fat is interpersed among its skeletal muscles (Blix & Steen 1979, Hissa et al 1981 and shivering after birth continues until the fur is dry (Krog et al 1977and Wika & Krog 1980. According to our results the calf liberates considerable amounts of catecholamines during the first day after birth, and brown adipose tissue may play an integral and important role in non-shivering thermogenesis (Nieminen et al 1980b) According to Hissa et al (1981) newborn reindeer calves can maintain their body temperature even at -15°C, and they can increase their metabolic rate five-to sixfold. Heat production is primarily stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Serum adrenaline gradually increased after birth from 37.8 |Jg/l to 70.8 Mg/1 in autumn (P<0.01). Serum noradrenaline (NA) was 17.4 [ig/1 at birth and decreased to 7.6 Hg/1 but then increased to 39.8 |Jg/l within 20 days (P<0.001) (Nieminen et al 1980b). Serum Cortisol level of calves and adult hinds was 145 nmol/1 during autumn and winter.…”

Section: Blood Chemical Valuesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Blood composition of the reindeer . II. Blood chemistry

Nieminen¹,

Timisjärvi²

1983

Ran

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The blood chemical composition of 578 semi-domestic reindeer were investigated in respect to age, season, calving and nutrition in Northern Finland during 1973-79. The weight gain was maximally 400 g/day at an age of 4-8 weeks as also reflected by high serum thyroxine (T4), alkaline phosphatase (SAP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and blood glucose values. Low SAP activity in winter indicated a cessation of growth. The pH of the venous blood was 7.35 and the clotting activity very high (21 sec, 100 %) in summer and autumn. 15 protein bands and 15 fatty acids were discernible in reindeer serum. The total serum protein was 58 g/1 in the 20-day-old calf and 87 g/1 in adult hind in the autumn, the difference being caused by changes in globulins. The neonatal fluctuation of immunoglobulins suggests that the calf acquires its passive immunity soon after birth by the intestinal absorption of proteins and that its endogenous synthesis of gamma globulins begins in the 4th week of life. The serum total lipids (2.9 g/1), triglycerides (0.29 mmol/1) and cholesterol (1.6 mmol/1) were low in newborn calves and reached their adult levels at the age of 5 months (average 5.1 g/1, 0.4 mmol/1, 2.7 mmol/1, respectively). The young calves had higher serum cholesterol, total and free fatty acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid, but lower stearic and oleic acid values than adult hinds. The reindeer calf liberates considerable amounts of catecholamines during the first days after birth, but the postpartum dopamine-B-hydroxylase activity was rather low. The means of blood glucose (3.4-4.6 mmol/1), total serum proteins (63 - 87 g/1), albumin (39 - 43 g/1), total globulins (23 - 44 g/1), urea (5.7-9 mmol/1), total lipids (2.7 - 5.2 g/1), triglycerides (0.17 - 0.33 mmol/1), total fatty acids (0.89 - 1.54 g/1), calcium (2.2 - 2.6 mmol/1), inorganic phosphorus (1.6 - 2.2 mmol/1), magnesium (0.8 - 1.2 mmol/1) and copper (6.7 - 18 |Jmol/l) of free-grazing adult hinds were highest in summer and autumn and decreased during winter. The lowest means were measured for the starved hinds in early spring. The high serum urea and CPK, LDH and SAP activities reflected catabolism of the body proteins and tissue breakdown during starvation. Season and nutrition did not affect serum T4, creatinine, sodium and chloride values. High body weight and blood chemical values were measured for the hinds fed on silage and molasses in winter.

Poron veri. II. Veren kemia.

Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: 578 puolivillin poron veren kemiallista koostumusta tutkittiin iån, vuodenajan, vasonnan ja ravitsemustilan suhteen vuosina 1973-79. Painon lisays oli suurimmillaan 400 g/vrk 4-8 viikon iassa ja sita kuvastivat myos korkeat seerumin tyroksiinin (T4), alkaalisen fosfataasin (SAP), kreatiinifosfokinaasin (CPK) ja veren sokerin arvot. Alhainen SAP aktiivisuus talvella osoitti kasvun pysahtymistå. Laskimoveren pH oli 7.35 ja veren hyytymiskyky (21 sek, 100 %) erittåin hyvå kesålla ja syksylla. Seerumista erotettiin 15 eri valku...

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