Annotation: The role of prefrontal deficits, low autonomic arousal, and early health factors in the development of antisocial and aggressive behavior in children

Raine, Adrian

doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00034

Cited by 412 publications

(393 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(198 reference statements)

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“…By contrast with the earlier literature, where ND and CD were linked to same genetic background [23,30], ND was not found here to be related to either the subscale of "aggression towards people and animals" or the "solitary CD" or "childhood-onset CD" subtypes, in spite of the fact that these subtypes are known to be related to life-long persistent antisocial behaviour [31], which has a strong biological background [32]. It is interesting, however, that although the correlation between the number of CD symptoms and the level of ND was present in both genders, our results suggest that aggressive CD and ND are not related, at least in adolescence (before 18 years).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence?

Riala

Ilomäki

Hakko

et al. 2011

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objective: Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the number of Conduct Disorder (CD) symptoms and specific DSM-IV symptom subscales (i.e. aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules) and nicotine dependence (ND) among adolescent psychiatric inpatients in Finland. Methods Results:The total number of CD symptoms correlated with the level of ND among both the boys (adj. r= 0.31, p= 0.002) and the girls (adj. r=0.324, p= 0.006). For the boys the number of conduct symptoms correlated with the level of ND on all subscales except for aggression, while the only statistically significant correlation for the girls was found with the deceitfulness or theft subscale. A comorbid substance use disorder was statistically significantly associated with a high level of ND among both the boys (p< 0.001) and the girls (p=0.019). Conclusions:Our results suggest that both in adolescent boys and girls, the greater the number of CD symptoms, the higher the level of ND. Future studies are needed on the relationship between environmental factors, non-aggressive CD symptoms and the development of ND among adolescents with CD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence?

Riala

Ilomäki

Hakko

et al. 2011

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…First, children may have acquired, in utero and infancy, neurological deficits which limit their ability to learn to inhibit PA and use alternative strategies (Moffitt, 2003;Raine, 2002;Tremblay et al, 2004). Secondly, genetic factors may also be involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Physical Aggression from Toddlerhood to Pre-Adolescence: A Nation Wide Longitudinal Study of Canadian Children

Côté

Vaillancourt

LeBlanc

et al. 2006

J Abnorm Child Psychol

510

413

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The objectives of the study were to model the developmental trajectories of physical aggression (PA) from toddlerhood to pre-adolescence and to identify risk factors that distinguish typical (normative) from atypical developmental patterns. Ten cohorts of approximately 1,000 children (n = 10,658) drawn form a nationally representative (Canadian) sample were followed over 6 years. Using a group-based trajectory approach, we identified three groups of children with distinct developmental trajectories between 2 and 11 years of age. One third of the children (31.1%) followed a low desisting trajectory, reflected in infrequent use of PA in toddlerhood and virtually no PA by pre-adolescence. The majority of children (52.2%) followed a moderate desisting trajectory, reflected in occasional use of PA in toddlerhood and infrequent use by pre-adolescence. One sixth of the children (16.6%) followed a high stable trajectory of PA. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that children in the high PA trajectory group were more likely to be boys (OR: 1.67; CI: 1.5-1.87), from low income families (OR: 1.4; CI; 1.27-1.67), from families where the mother had not completed high school (OR: 1.20; CI: 1.05-1.38) and who reported using hostile/ineffective parenting strategies (OR: 1.16; CI: 1.14-1.18). In sum, the results indicate that the typical developmental pattern of PA was one of occasional and declining use over time. However, about one sixth of children, mostly boys from disadvantaged families, exhibited an atypical developmental pattern reflected in more frequent and stable use of PA. The results suggest that most children learned relatively well to inhibit PA by the end of childhood and that a minority failed to do so. Family risks traditionally found to be associated with antisocial behaviors during adolescence appear to interfere with the socialization of PA during early and middle childhood.

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“…Disinhibition of aggression leads to impaired recognition of social cues and enhanced impulsivity . The prefrontal cortex [ 17], the mesial temporal lobe [ 18] as weil as the orbitofrontal regions [19] are involved in the regulation of aggressive and violent behaviour, presumably mainly through regulation of the cross-linking within the amygdala. Dysfunctions in these structures lead definitely to deficits in moral socialisation [20,21 ].…”

Section: Two Different Origins Of Violent Behaviour: Reactive and Appmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fascination violence: on mind and brain of man hunters

Elbert

Weierstall

Schauer

2010

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

124

182

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Why are savagery and violence so o mnipresent among humans? We suggest that hunting behaviour is fascinating and attractive, a des ire that makes temporary deprivation from physical needs, pain , sweat, blood and, ultimately, the willingness to kill tolerable and even appeti tive. Evolutionary development in to the " perversion" of the urge to hunt humans, that is to say the transfer of thi s hunt to members of one's own species, has been nurtured by the resultant advantage of personal and social power and dominance. While a breakdown of the inhibition towards intra-specific killing would endanger any animal species, controlled inhibition was enabled in humans in that hi gher regul atory systems, such as frontal lobe-based executi ve fun ctions, prevent the involuntary derailment of hunting behaviour. lf this control-such as in child soldi ers for example-is not learnt, then brutality towards humans re mains fascinating and appealing. B lood must ft ow in order to kill. It is hence an appetiti ve cue as is the struggling of the victim . Hunting for men, more rarely for women, is fasc inating and emotionally arousing wi th the parallel release of testos terone, serotonin and endorphins, which can produce feelings of euphoria and alleviate pain .T. Elbert (rBJ) C lin ica l Psyc ho logy & Neuropsyc hology,

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Annotation: The role of prefrontal deficits, low autonomic arousal, and early health factors in the development of antisocial and aggressive behavior in children

Abstract: It is argued that early health intervention and prevention studies may provide the most effective way of reversing biological deficits that predispose to antisocial and aggressive behavior in children and adults.

Cited by 412 publications

References 173 publications

Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence?

Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence?

The Development of Physical Aggression from Toddlerhood to Pre-Adolescence: A Nation Wide Longitudinal Study of Canadian Children

Fascination violence: on mind and brain of man hunters

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