Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa

McInnes, Sandra J.; Michalczyk, Łukasz; Kaczmarek, Łukasz

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1

Cited by 1,234 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Requiring a nominal species for Hypsibius, in accordance with the ICZN Code, Binda & Pilato (1987) elevated H. dujardini to the status of a nominal species. Described from Fontainebleau near Paris, H. dujardini was subsequently recorded from a plethora of localities throughout the world (Kaczmarek et al 2014b, 2016, McInnes 1994, McInnes et al 2017. However, the results of recent integrative studies have indicated that tardigrade species may not be as widely distributed as was previously thought (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrative redescription of Hypsibius dujardini (Doyère, 1840), the nominal taxon for Hypsibioidea (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada)

Gąsiorek¹,

Stec²,

Morek³

et al. 2018

Zootaxa

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763

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A laboratory strain identified as “Hypsibius dujardini” is one of the best studied tardigrade strains: it is widely used as a model organism in a variety of research projects, ranging from developmental and evolutionary biology through physiology and anatomy to astrobiology. Hypsibius dujardini, originally described from the Île-de-France by Doyère in the first half of the 19th century, is now the nominal species for the superfamily Hypsibioidea. The species was traditionally considered cosmopolitan despite the fact that insufficient, old and sometimes contradictory descriptions and records prevented adequate delineations of similar Hypsibius species. As a consequence, H. dujardini appeared to occur globally, from Norway to Samoa. In this paper, we provide the first integrated taxonomic redescription of H. dujardini. In addition to classic imaging by light microscopy and a comprehensive morphometric dataset, we present scanning electron photomicrographs, and DNA sequences for three nuclear markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) and one mitochondrial marker (COI) that are characterised by various mutation rates. The results of our study reveal that a commercially available strain that is maintained in many laboratories throughout the world, and assumed to represent H. dujardini sensu stricto, represents, in fact, a new species: H. exemplaris sp. nov. Redescribing the nominal taxon for Hypsibiidae, we also redefine the family and amend the definitions of the subfamily Hypsibiinae and the genus Hypsibius. Moreover, we transfer H. arcticus (Murray, 1907) and Hypsibius conifer Mihelčič, 1938 to the genus Ramazzottius since the species exhibit claws and eggs of the Ramazzottius type. Finally, we designate H. fuhrmanni as subjectively invalid because the extremely poor description precludes identifying neotype material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrative redescription of Hypsibius dujardini (Doyère, 1840), the nominal taxon for Hypsibioidea (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada)

Gąsiorek¹,

Stec²,

Morek³

et al. 2018

Zootaxa

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763

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“…So far, more than 1300 tardigrade species have been described worldwide (Nelson et al 2015;Degma et al 2019;McInnes and Pugh 2019). As a result of their evolutionary history, their tolerance to unfavourable conditions, small size and probable long-range distance dispersion by wind, they inhabit a variety of environments, such as limno-terrestrial (soil, mosses, lichens) and aquatic (sediments, plants), including extreme polar and high mountain ecosystems (Kaczmarek et al 2016;Nelson et al 2015;McInnes et al 2017). Tardigrades play an important role in trophic webs at a multitrophic level as carnivorous, omnivorous, herbivorous and microbivorous species (Hallas and Yeates 1972;Guidetti et al 2012a;Guil and Sanchez-Moreno 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water bears dominated cryoconite hole ecosystems: densities, habitat preferences and physiological adaptations of Tardigrada on an alpine glacier

et al. 2019

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We investigated the Forni Glacier and the surrounding area in the Alps in terms of habitat preferences, densities, dispersal and desiccation tolerance of glacier tardigrades, which are one of the most common faunal representatives and top consumers in supraglacial ecosystems. To do so, we sampled supraglacial environments (cryoconite holes, debris from ice surface, dirt cones and moraine, mosses from supraglacial stones) and non-glacial habitats (mosses, freshwater sediments and algae), and we installed air traps on the glacier and the nearby area. We found that cryoconite holes on the Forni Glacier are exclusively dominated by one metazoan group of tardigrades, representing one species, Hypsibius klebelsbergi (identified by morphological and molecular approaches). Tardigrades were found in 100% of cryoconite holes and wet supraglacial sediment samples and reached up to 172 ind./ml. Additionally, we found glacier tardigrades in debris from dirt cones and sparsely in supraglacial mosses. Glacier tardigrades were absent from freshwater and terrestrial samples collected from non-glacial habitats. Despite the fact that H. klebelsbergi is a typical aquatic species, we showed it withstands desiccation in sediments, but in low temperatures only. Treatments conducted in higher temperatures and water only showed low or no recovery. We suspect successful dispersal with wind might have taken place only when tardigrades desiccated in sediments and were passively transported by cold wind. Limited ability to withstand high temperatures and desiccation may be potential barriers preventing glacier tardigrades inhabiting new, even apparently suitable high mountain water bodies like temporary rock pools.

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“…Terrestrial tardigrades are common in cryptogams, leaf litter and soil. The tardigrade fauna of Africa remains poorly known in comparison to Europe or the Americas; many African countries have few or no published records (Middleton 2003, McInnes et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter paper noted that the presence of Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840 has been widely reported from southern Africa. However, records of Milnesium tardigradum outside Europe should be regarded as tentative unless confirmed (Michalczyk et al 2012a(Michalczyk et al , 2012bMcInnes et al 2017). While M. tardigradum has two or three points on the secondary branches of its claws (claw formula [2-3]-[3-2]), many species have three on all claws ([3-3]-3-3]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First records of water bears (Phylum Tardigrada) from Swaziland

Meyer¹,

Tsaliki²,

Hinton³

2018

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There are no published records of water bears (Phylum Tardigrada) from Swaziland. Two samples of foliose lichen collected in 2010 contained nine tardigrade specimens and one egg belonging to five genera and seven species: Echiniscus cf. quadrispinosus, Milnesium sp., Milnesium cf. bohleberi, Hypsibius cf. convergens, Ramazzottius sp., Macrobiotus cf. pallarii and Minibiotus harrylewisi. Milnesium sp. resembles Milnesium lagniappe, a species from southeastern USA, in its cuticle, and possibly in the number of peribuccal lamellae. Specimens from Lesotho and South Africa previously identified as Milnesium tardigradum are in fact Milnesium cf. bohleberi. The habitus of Ramazzottius sp. is consistent with R. theroni, a southern African species, but due to the condition of the specimen the presence of cuticular sculpture cannot be definitively ruled out. Macrobiotus cf. pallarii differs from M. pallarii sensu stricto in some structural details of the egg processes. This is the first record of Minibiotus harrylewisi outside of its type location in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

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Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa

Cited by 1,234 publications

References 64 publications

An integrative redescription of Hypsibius dujardini (Doyère, 1840), the nominal taxon for Hypsibioidea (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada)

An integrative redescription of Hypsibius dujardini (Doyère, 1840), the nominal taxon for Hypsibioidea (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada)

Water bears dominated cryoconite hole ecosystems: densities, habitat preferences and physiological adaptations of Tardigrada on an alpine glacier

First records of water bears (Phylum Tardigrada) from Swaziland

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