Annealing effect on structural, morphological, and optical behaviors of CBD-CdS nanostructured films for solar cells

Abstract

In the current work, the effect of an annealing process on structural, morphological, and optical behaviors of cadmium sulfide thin films is presented. A chemical bath deposition method for cadmium sulfide deposition is based on the use of glycine as a complexing agent. Cadmium sulfide thin films were grown by chemical bath deposition and annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 • C for 30 minutes. Crystallographic and morphological studies of CdS thin films were performed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The optical behavior of CdS thin films was evaluated by UV-Visible spectroscopy and band gap values were calculated by approximation using a Tauc plot. After annealed, densified CdS films formed by nanostructured crystallites exhibit suitable band gap values and present relatively high transmittance in the visible region, allowing their application as a window material for solar cells.

Composite nanostructured growth of (CdS)0.75 (PbS)0.25/Si solar cell and its characterization

“…The clusters after that have a larger energy in comparison with the individual atoms, therefore at a higher annealing temperature, developing nuclei come in contact in order to form islands stage and appear to have a spherical shape. This is in keeping with previous literatures [10,11]. The optical characteristics of the deposited (CdS) 0.75 -(PbS) 0.25 films on glass substrate were specified for both the deposited film and at various annealing temperatures (373, 473, and 573) K. The spectrum of absorption, transmittance has been determined as shown in Fig ( 2a, b).…”

“…The current films' optical characteristics, crystal structure, and surface qualities are crucial for solar cell performance [10][11][12][13]. where t and A represent the produced films' thickness and absorption, respectively [10][11][12]. Those figures show that at energies above the band gap, the absorption coefficient for the produced films attained greater values.…”

“…Heating's impact on the transmission of (CdS) 0.75 -(PbS) 0.25 films could be caused by a number of physical factors, including defect density, surface irregularity. Due to the produced films' crystallinity, it could be seen that there is a shift to a shorter wavelength as the annealing temperature is raised, followed by an increase in the energy gap value [10,11]. The superior crystal structure and surface features of films could be responsible for light scattering decrease, which results in an increase in the degree of the transmittance.…”

“…The superior crystal structure and surface features of films could be responsible for light scattering decrease, which results in an increase in the degree of the transmittance. The current films' optical characteristics, crystal structure, and surface qualities are crucial for solar cell performance [10][11][12][13]. where t and A represent the produced films' thickness and absorption, respectively [10][11][12].…”

Channel length specific broadspectral photosensitivity of robust chemically grown CdS photodetector

“…One of the big advantages of CBD method is that film can be made over a large area (mm 2 ). But quality of films depends on many factors like substrate, orientation and agitation, thickness, 18 temperature, 21 optical absorption, crystalline structure, Cd and S defects, 22 solution pH, 23 annealing 24 etc. It is difficult to maintain all these parameters when large scale production or industry level technological applications are considered.…”