Annealing effect on structural and optical properties of nanostructured carbon of oil fly ash modified titania thin-film

Carbon Dots Derived from Non-Biomass Waste: Methods, Applications, and Future Perspectives

“…Therefore, conventional CDs derived from waste normally show a wide emission wavelength with a full width at half-maximum of more than 100 nm [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. In this literature review, a systematic search method was employed to gather existing research on CDs derived from non-biomass waste, focusing on their precursor materials (including ash [ 32 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], waste plastics [ 40 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ], wastepaper [ 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ], waste textiles [ 84 , 85 ,…”

“…The composition of ash waste depends on the source material being burned, such as coal and plants, while the main chemical constituent in ash is carbon [ 94 ]. Various types of CDs have been extensively reported, including those derived from candle soot, cigarettes, oil fly ash, diesel soot, and toner powder, from 2011 to 2023 [ 32 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Table 2 lists the comprehensive details of the CDs derived from ash waste, including the methods utilized, particle sizes, and QY.…”

“…CNPs with cluster sizes ranging from 22.3 nm to 35 nm were successfully synthesized from oil fly ash by ball milling in a dry medium, followed by sonication in liquid media containing deionized water and nitric acid. In another instance, CNPs with sizes less than 100 nm were synthesized from oil fly ash, using high-energy ball milling in an acetic acid medium [ 43 , 44 ]. In contrast, certain direct burning methods have produced significantly smaller CDs.…”

Preparation and application of nanostructured carbon from oil fly ash for growth promotion and improvement of agricultural crops with different doses

“…For developed nanomaterials, high-energy ball milling has proven to be an effective method for manufacturing nanocrystalline powders 12 . Recently, many studies have reported successful realization of carbon nanostructures engineered from oil fly ash waste by high-energy ball-milling techniques, with sizes ranging from 100 to 20 nm for agglomerated clusters; these provide highly graphitic compositions, large specific surface areas, porosity, nontoxicity, strength, and scattering responses, all of which are promising results 13 – 16 . Moreover, Numan et al successfully used a sonication method to reduce the sizes of oil fly ash particles to a few nanometres 13 .…”

“…However, ball-milled oil ash seems to be finer in shape than sonicated nanoparticles. In our recent study, we used oil fly ash as a starting material for production of powdered carbon nanoparticles with sizes less than 100 nm by high-energy ball milling 16 . This novel route was aimed at removing solid oil fly ash waste and using it as a successful dopant for titanium oxide films.…”