Annealing and Aging Effect in 0.95 Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃–0.05 NiFe_1.9Mn_0.1O₄ Particulate Magnetoelectric Composites

Abstract

A new effect has been observed at low temperatures when conduction is restricted to two dimensions in an n-type GaAs impurity band. When the carrier concentration is less than 10" cm-2 the conductance is found to oscillate as a function of carrier concentration. The oscillations can be resolved into simple series with the minima periodic functions of the mean electron separation. Suppression of the main series and enhancement of a subsidiary series is achieved by increasing the electric field responsible for transport; this results in differential negative resistance at certain carrier concentrations. The effect may possibly arise from, an ordering of the electrons by Coulomb repulsion, although it is difficult to envisage how this can happen in a random array of donors and we have at present no model to explain the effect.

Recent advancements in magnetoelectric particulate and laminate composites

“…+θ. Based on this principle we designed the synthesis route for the Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 (PZT)-NiFe 1.9 Mn 0.1 O 4 (NFM) system [58]. Figure 4b shows the post sintering thermal treatment used for fabricating PZT-NFM.…”

“…Elemental analysis using the EDX showed that NFM grains are randomly distributed in the piezoelectric matrix. Figure 6b shows the microstructure of the PZT-5NFM after annealing and aging at 400°C for 5 h [58]. An immediate observation of the images of sintered and aged sample provides noticeable difference in the distribution of the NFM particles.…”

“…It has been mentioned that controlled precipitation route has following advantages over the sintering techniques including: [58][59][60] (1) Ability to synthesize bulk material with crystallographically aligned nanoscale interfaces-ordered distribution of one phase in another. (2) Ability to synthesize material with high interfacial area-higher interphase elastic coupling.…”

Giant magnetoelectric effect in sintered multilayered composite structures

“…Previously, we have shown that soft piezoelectric phase ͑high dielectric and piezoelectric constant͒, soft magnetic phase ͑high permeability and low coercivity͒, large piezoelectric grain size ͑Ͼ1 m͒, layered structure, and postsintering thermal treatment ͑annealing and aging͒ lead to the enhancement in magnitude of ME coefficient. [16][17][18][19][20][21] In this study, we combine the advantages of layered composite with that of sintering process and investigate the geometrical and microstructural parameters that can further enhance the performance of sintered ME composites.…”

Correlation between structural deformation and magnetoelectric response in (1−x) Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3–xNiFe1.9Mn0.1O4 particulate composites

“…19 Furthermore, it has been shown that postsinter thermal treatments, such as annealing and aging, enhance the ME, ferroelectric, and ferromagnetic properties of Pb͑Zr 0.52 Tr 0.48 ͒O 3 ͑PZT͒-NiFe 1.9 Mn 0.1 O 4 ͑NFM͒. [20][21][22] Here, we use transmission electron microscopy to find a structural basis for these property enhancements.…”