Enger Spielraum 2010
DOI: 10.30965/9783846749661_015
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“…Calculations of the cooling rates of astrophysical plasma in the collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) were performed by many authors (House 1964; Cox & Tucker 1969; Raymond, Cox & Smith 1976; Shull & van Steenberg 1982; Gaetz & Salpeter 1983; Böhringer & Hensler 1989; Sutherland & Dopita 1993; Landi & Landini 1999; Benjamin, Benson & Cox 2001; Bryans et al 2006). However, calculations of the time‐dependent ionization of metals and associated radiative cooling showed significant deviations from the CIE states (Kafatos 1973; Shapiro & Moore 1976; Edgar & Chevalier 1986; Schmutzler & Tscharnuter 1993; Sutherland & Dopita 1993; Gnat & Sternberg 2007).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Calculations of the cooling rates of astrophysical plasma in the collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) were performed by many authors (House 1964; Cox & Tucker 1969; Raymond, Cox & Smith 1976; Shull & van Steenberg 1982; Gaetz & Salpeter 1983; Böhringer & Hensler 1989; Sutherland & Dopita 1993; Landi & Landini 1999; Benjamin, Benson & Cox 2001; Bryans et al 2006). However, calculations of the time‐dependent ionization of metals and associated radiative cooling showed significant deviations from the CIE states (Kafatos 1973; Shapiro & Moore 1976; Edgar & Chevalier 1986; Schmutzler & Tscharnuter 1993; Sutherland & Dopita 1993; Gnat & Sternberg 2007).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%