Ankle Joint Arthrodesis: Realities and Prospects against the Background of New Technologies. Literature Review

Abstract

Arthrodesis is one of the methods for treating advanced stages of the ankle joint deforming arthrosis. A distinctive feature of this operation is the variability of bone fragments fixation. There are various options for arthrodesis, but they are mainly divided into internal and external fixation. Moreover, the increasing popularity of arthroscopic arthrodesis technology and ankle arthroplasty developments have opened new possibilities for doctors but have also posed new challenges. Aim. To evaluate treatment options for ankle arthrosis of various etiologies and provide recommendations for clinical improvement. To give a prospective analysis of technology development. Clinical outcomes of arthroplasty, arthrodesis, and arthroscopy were not significantly different. Patients with endoprosthesis had significantly more frequent reoperations. Conclusion. In arthrodesis with the Ilizarov apparatus, there are more advantages due to variability and many modifications, and the scope of internal fixation expands. There is disagreement over the optimal choice of internal fixation for arthrodesis. The choice is determined by factors such as the patient’s condition and the doctor’s preferences. In uncomplicated ankle osteoarthritis, an antegrade intramedullary pin is preferred over a retrograde pin. Ankle joint arthroscopy has technical advantages, and its use in severe joint deformities has become a direction for future research. The results obtained can be applied in the motor rehabilitation of patients after arthrodesis. Arthroscopy and arthrodesis are the most promising for postoperative motor rehabilitation of patients compared to endoprosthetics.