Ankle Arthritis: An Evolution from Arthrodesis to Joint and Mobility Preservation

Abstract

Ankle arthritis is a debilitating condition. It can disrupt physical function and quality of life. Non surgical treatment includes pharmacological agents and orthoses. Surgical options range from arthrodesis to joint preservation techniques. Ankle arthrodesis is a reliable and effective treatment of choice for advanced ankle arthritis but has its limitations. Total ankle arthroplasty is fast gaining renewed interest as longer term outcome studies show good results coupled with improved implant and instrumentation designs. Osteotomies and arthroscopic debridement are increasingly popular techniques that are useful for joint preservation. Joint distraction arthroplasty and osteochondral allografting are also showing some promise. This article reviews the impact of ankle arthritis and treatment strategies available from joint sacrificing surgery to joint and mobility preservation.