Anisotropy of Low-Cycle Torsional and Push-Pull Fatigue in a Rolled Steel

Kage, Masaharu; Nisitani, Hironobu

doi:10.1299/jsme1958.20.1353

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The influence of MnS inclusions in the sense of reducing ductility, is in agreement with the findings of [22] and [23]. The mechanism of cracking need to be questioned due to the findings of [24]. Kage et al indicated for tension-compression and bending fatigue that loads applied in the longitudinal direction of the specimen promote fatigue crack nucleation from slip bands and grain boundaries, whereas cracks were found to nucleate at inclusions under loading in direction of the specimen thickness [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Performance-Related Characterization of Forming-Induced Initial Damage in 16MnCrS5 Steel under a Torsional Forward-Reverse Loading Path at LCF Regime

Moehring

Walther

2020

Materials

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Forming technology and in particular cold forward rod extrusion is one of the key manufacturing technologies with regard to the production of shafts. The selection of process parameters determines the global and local material properties. This particularly implies forming-induced initial damage in representation of pores. On this background, this study aims on describing the influence of these pores in the performance of the material 16MnCrS5 (DIN 1.7139, AISI/SAE 5115) under a torsional load path in the low cycle fatigue regime, which is highly relevant for shafts under operation conditions. For this purpose, the method of cyclic forward-reverse torsional testing was applied. Additionally, intermittent testing method and the characterization of the state of crack growth using selective electron microscopy analysis of the surface were combined. A first attempt was made to describe the influence of forming-induced initial damage on the fatigue performance and the crack growth mechanisms. The correlation of fatigue performance and initial damage was contiguous in the sense that the initial damage corresponds with a decrease of material performance. It was concluded that the focus of further investigations must be on small crack growth and the related material changes to identify the role of initial damage under cyclic loads.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Performance-Related Characterization of Forming-Induced Initial Damage in 16MnCrS5 Steel under a Torsional Forward-Reverse Loading Path at LCF Regime

Moehring

Walther

2020

Materials

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“…They reported that anisotropy in low-cycle and high cycle torsional fatigue between the rolling and the thickness directions was not significant because the inclusions contributed to crack initiation in both orientations. This was further explained by the existence of similar effective inclusions along the maximum shear stress planes for both directions (5) . Kage and Nisitani (7) also compared the effects of barshaped and plate-shaped inclusions under torsion and bending loading conditions on specimens oriented at 0°, 45° and 90° to the rolling direction.…”

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confidence: 82%

“…Temmel et al also reported that ductility was affected the most among the tensile properties of the higher sulfur steel under transverse loading. Kage and Nisitani (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) studied anisotropy in low carbon rolled steels under tension-compression, torsion and rotating bending loading conditions. Monotonic tension tests were conducted on specimens oriented at 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90° to the rolling direction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Sulfur Level and Anisotropy of Sulfide Inclusions on Tensile, Impact, and Fatigue Properties of SAE 4140 Steel

Cyril

Fatemi

Cryderman³

2008

SAE Int. J. Mater. Manf.

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During metal forming processes such as rolling and forging, deformable manganese sulfide (MnS) inclusions become elongated. Such elongated MnS inclusions can have considerable adverse effects on mechanical properties, if the inclusions are not aligned with the loading direction. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare fatigue, monotonic tensile and CVN impact behavior of SAE 4140 steel with high (0.077% S), low (0.012% S) and ultra low (0.004% S) sulfur contents at two hardness levels (40 HRC and 50 HRC). The longitudinally oriented samples at 40 HRC, where MnS inclusions were oriented along the loading direction, did not exhibit any significant sensitivity of tensile or fatigue properties to the sulfur content. For the transversely oriented MnS inclusions, however, the monotonic tensile test results indicate very low ductility of the high sulfur material at both hardness levels, where specimens failed shortly after yielding. The yield strength of the materials, however, did not differ significantly with the sulfur content. With regards to fatigue strength, the high sulfur material had up to 25% lower fatigue strength than the ultra low sulfur material under transverse loading. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inspection of failed fatigue test specimens revealed that the fracture topography of the high sulfur material were very rough and jagged, indicating several cracks originating from MnS inclusions. The fracture surfaces of the other two materials with lower sulfur content exhibited typical fatigue fracture surfaces with clear initiation and final fracture regions.

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“…Uniform, nondirectional mechanical properties of steel can most successfully be achieved by avoidance of inclusion-induced anisotropy, [1,3,9] which is a result of the elongated inclusions contained in the matrix. To attain such uniform properties, several characteristics have to be understood.…”

Section: A Isotropic Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Isotropy in Cross-Rolled, Hardened Isotropic-Quality Steel

Temmel

Karlsson

Ingesten

2008

Metall Mater Trans A

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Deformation and forging operations often introduce microstructural orientation and, therewith, mechanical anisotropy to steel. Flattened manganese sulfide inclusions are held responsible for a great part of fatigue anisotropy. Isotropic-quality (IQ) steel maintains the mechanical isotropy of the material, even after a deformation operation. Isotropic material generally contains little S and, therewith, few manganese sulfides. Further, the IQ steels used in this investigation were Ca treated. The Ca treatment improves the shape stability of the sulfides, even during a hotworking deformation. Two commercial materials were compared for their fatigue response, a standard medium-carbon steel with 0.04 wt pct S and a low-sulfur variant that underwent IQ treatment. The two batches were cross-rolled to plates with a deformation ratio of 4.5, leading to in-plane isotropy. Tension-compression fatigue testing was performed in longitudinal and short transversal directions relative to the rolling plane. The results showed strong anisotropy of the fatigue behavior for the standard material. The performance in the short transverse direction, with the principal stress perpendicular to the flattened inclusions, was inferior. The IQ material with nearly spherical inclusions was almost perfectly isotropic, with only slightly worse fatigue response in the short transverse direction.

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Anisotropy of Low-Cycle Torsional and Push-Pull Fatigue in a Rolled Steel

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Performance-Related Characterization of Forming-Induced Initial Damage in 16MnCrS5 Steel under a Torsional Forward-Reverse Loading Path at LCF Regime

Performance-Related Characterization of Forming-Induced Initial Damage in 16MnCrS5 Steel under a Torsional Forward-Reverse Loading Path at LCF Regime

Effects of Sulfur Level and Anisotropy of Sulfide Inclusions on Tensile, Impact, and Fatigue Properties of SAE 4140 Steel

Fatigue Isotropy in Cross-Rolled, Hardened Isotropic-Quality Steel

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