Anisotropy of Hot Electrons in n-type Germanium

Sasaki, Wataru; Shibuya, Masao; Mizuguchi, Kanji

doi:10.1143/jpsj.13.456

Cited by 65 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Second, electron transport is described by a mass tensor, leading to electron transport which contains components oblique to the applied field. This description is necessary to explain and interpret signals in the primary and guard-ring ionization channels, which function as a fiducial volume cut [42,43]. Third, for electron recoils in the germanium bulk, charges drifting through the detector produce a population of Luke phonons which contribute 56% of the total phonon signal at ±3 V bias.…”

Section: Charge Monte Carlomentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Review Article: Physics and Monte Carlo techniques as relevant to cryogenic, phonon, and ionization readout of Cryogenic Dark Matter Search radiation detectors

Leman¹

2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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This review discusses detector physics and Monte Carlo techniques for cryogenic, radiation detectors that utilize combined phonon and ionization readout. A general review of cryogenic phonon and charge transport is provided along with specific details of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search detector instrumentation. In particular this review covers quasidiffusive phonon transport, which includes phonon focusing, anharmonic decay and isotope scattering. The interaction of phonons in the detector surface is discussed along with the downconversion of phonons in superconducting films. The charge transport physics include a mass tensor which results from the crystal band structure and is modeled with a Herring Vogt transformation. Charge scattering processes involve the creation of Neganov-Luke phonons. Transition-edge-sensor (TES) simulations include a full electric circuit description and all thermal processes including Joule heating, cooling to the substrate and thermal diffusion within the TES, the latter of which is necessary to model normal-superconducting phase separation. Relevant numerical constants are provided for these physical processes in germanium, silicon, aluminum and tungsten. Random number sampling methods including inverse cumulative distribution function (CDF) and rejection techniques are reviewed. To improve the efficiency of charge transport modeling, an additional second order inverse CDF method is developed here along with an efficient barycentric coordinate sampling method of electric fields. Results are provided in a manner that is convenient for use in Monte Carlo and references are provided for validation of these models. Contents

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Section: Charge Monte Carlomentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Review Article: Physics and Monte Carlo techniques as relevant to cryogenic, phonon, and ionization readout of Cryogenic Dark Matter Search radiation detectors

Leman¹

2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…Since in Cr-doped samples wzH 2 , according to (6) and (8) in the studied magnetic field range the Hall mw field 8, should be negligible. This is supported, too, by the facts that we obtained identical sets of curves ( I ( E m , B))/I,,(B) with the samples n-22 and n-54, and good agreement between the values E T ( B ) and Hall velocity v J E , B) (see below) in all studied n-type samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact Ionization and Magneto‐Transport in InSb in High Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields

Ašmontas

Dargys

Subačius

1980

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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High-field microwave conductivity and impact ionization due to hot carriers are studied experimentally in n-and p-type InSb a t liquid nitrogen temperature in magnetic fields B up to 2.3 T.The employment of high microwave fields instead of dc electric fields allowed to overcome the problem of an uncontrollable breakdown caused by the Hall field a t the precontact regions in high-mobility semiconductors. It is found that the threshold field of impact ionization ET increases with B in n-type as well as in p-type InSb. I n n-InSb at high magnetic fields ( p B >2z) the ratio ET/B is found to be constant and close to that calculated recently by Bruhns and Hiibner. From the measurements of microwave conductivity in prebreakdown fields i t is possible to deduce a n electron Hall drift velocity vy. It is found that vg is a function of the ratio E / B only, although due to the hot electron effects a systematic deviation of vy from the simple relation vy = E / B is observed. a3o~a. E I c n o n b a o~a~~e CBY paaorpeaa Hocmenefi a a p~n a ~O~B O J I H~O xcKnwmTb BJIHHa n e~~p~s e c~a x n o n~x onpeneneaa XojInoBcKaR cKopocTb vy. n o~a a a~o , YTO vg 3aBHCHT M3MepeHa IIpOBOnHMOCTb

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“…At last the perpendicular hot-electron SKTU 10 ldlwder noise was investigatedat a sanipleof type I3 material cut along a special orientation: Lying within the (110) plane of the crystal the longitudinal direction of the sample makes a n angle of 8 = 50" with the (001) crystal axis. I n this case Sasaki et al [9] found under high electric fields a t 77 K a maximum anisotropy in conduction due to the fact that electrons in an energy valley at higher electron temperature are scattered to a valley a t lower electron temperature corresponding to a decrease or increase of the electron numbers in these valleys. The result is an electromotive force perpendicular to the flowing current.…”

Section: Pu'oise Measurements Perpendicular To the Electrical Fieldmentioning

confidence: 98%

Noise spectra of hot carriers in n-germanium

Lautz

Sachse

1978

Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)

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The longitudinal and transversal voltage fluctuations of hot electrons in n‐type germanium (at T = 77 K) are measured in the frequency interval between 30 and 400 MHz under high pulsed electric fields. The anisotropy of the noise temperature is explained by dividing the whole noise into a hot electron term due to the field‐increased thermal motion and intervalley terms due to the carrier fluctuations between equivalent and non‐equivalent energy valleys. The last mentioned intervalley term is calculated quantitatively by means of a simple model considering the drift velocity components of a scattering electron with respect to the field and measuring directions. The noise spectra are white until 400 MHz; therefore even at the highest electron temperatures reached in the present experiments any relaxation time must be below 4 × 10−10 s.

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Anisotropy of Hot Electrons in n-type Germanium

Cited by 65 publications

References 5 publications

Invited Review Article: Physics and Monte Carlo techniques as relevant to cryogenic, phonon, and ionization readout of Cryogenic Dark Matter Search radiation detectors

Invited Review Article: Physics and Monte Carlo techniques as relevant to cryogenic, phonon, and ionization readout of Cryogenic Dark Matter Search radiation detectors

Impact Ionization and Magneto‐Transport in InSb in High Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields

Noise spectra of hot carriers in n-germanium

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