Anisotropy of High-Frequency Integrated Backscatter from Aortic Valve Cusps

Khan, Zahid H.; Boughner, Derek R.; Lacefield, James C.

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.02.001

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…An increase in IB is primarily related to fibrosis, and it further augments with thickening and sclerosis [15,28,29]. In the previous experimental and clinical Table 2 Means of the calibrated integrated backscatter (cIB) value, micro-CT calcified volume (Ca Vol), histological calcium score (Ca Score) after 10 weeks for each group studies, IB has been validated for the investigation of atherosclerotic plaque lesions in the arterial wall, hypertrophied myocardial tissue, and aortic valve sclerosis in animals and humans [4,28,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Backscatter for the In Vivo Quantification of Supraphysiological Vitamin D3-Induced Cardiovascular Calcifications in Rats

et al. 2011

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Cardiovascular calcifications are frequently found in the aging population and are independent predictors of future cardiovascular events. Integrated backscatter (IB) of ultrasound reflectivity can easily quantify calcifications. For this purpose, 30 male Wistar rats received 25,000 IU/kg/day of vitamin D(3) (group 1, n = 8), 18,800 IU/kg/day (group 2, n = 8), or injections with the vehicle only (group 3, n = 14), for 10 weeks. Echocardiographic calibrated IB (cIB) was measured and calculated at baseline and after 10 weeks, followed by ex vivo micro-CT and histopathology of the aortic valve, ascending aorta, and myocardium. After 10 weeks, the mean cIB value of the aortic valve was significantly higher for vitamin D(3)-dosed animals compared to controls. The mean cIB value of the ascending aorta and the myocardium was also significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 3. In vivo IB results were confirmed by ex vivo micro-CT and histopathology. In conclusion, IB is a non-ionizing, feasible, and reproducible tool to quantify cardiovascular calcifications in an in vivo rat model. The integration of IB in the standard echocardiographic examination for the quantification of cardiovascular calcifications could be useful for serial evaluation of treatment efficacy and for prognosis assessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also an influence of angle-dependent scattering of ultrasound. These issues could limit quantitative diagnosis [4,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Backscatter for the In Vivo Quantification of Supraphysiological Vitamin D3-Induced Cardiovascular Calcifications in Rats

et al. 2011

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“…This idealized description is useful as a basic representation of valve anatomy. However, it is well known that valve material and biomechanical properties can vary from leaflet to leaflet and even within an individual leaflet [7], [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Collagen Fiber and Membrane Morphologies of the Whole Porcine Aortic Valve

2014

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ObjectivesReplacement aortic valves endeavor to mimic native valve function at the organ, tissue, and in the case of bioprosthetic valves, the cellular levels. There is a wealth of information about valve macro and micro structure; however, there presently is limited information on the morphology of the whole valve fiber architecture. The objective of this study was to provide qualitative and quantitative analyses of whole valve and leaflet fiber bundle branching patterns using a novel imaging system.MethodsWe developed a custom automated microscope system with motor and imaging control. Whole leaflets (n = 25) were imaged at high resolution (e.g. 30,000×20,000 pixels) using elliptically polarized light to enhance contrast between structures without the need for staining or other methods. Key morphologies such as fiber bundle size and branching were measured for analyses.ResultsThe left coronary leaflet displayed large asymmetry in fiber bundle organization relative to the right coronary and non-coronary leaflets. We observed and analyzed three main patterns of fiber branching; tree-like, fan-like, and pinnate structures. High resolution images and quantitative metrics are presented such as fiber bundle sizes, positions, and branching morphological parameters.SignificanceTo our knowledge there are currently no high resolution images of whole fresh leaflets available in the literature. The images of fiber/membrane structures and analyses presented here could be highly valuable for improving the design and development of more advanced bioprosthetic and/or bio-mimetic synthetic valve replacements.

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“…Integrated backscatter US can detect changes in cardiac collagen density, which is a major feature of fibrosis [21]. In addition, US is sensitive to the angle and amount of collagen fiber alignment in a region [32, 54, 57]. However, these techniques have low collagen specificity because they are also affected by other biological structures, e.g., muscle fibers.…”

Section: Organ-scale Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging the Cardiac Extracellular Matrix

Pinkert

Hortensius

Ogle

et al. 2018

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Cardiovascular disease is the global leading cause of death. One route to address this problem is using biomedical imaging to measure the molecules and structures that surround cardiac cells. This cellular microenvironment, known as the cardiac extracellular matrix, changes in composition and organization during most cardiac diseases and in response to many cardiac treatments. Measuring these changes with biomedical imaging can aid in understanding, diagnosing, and treating heart disease. This chapter supports those efforts by reviewing representative methods for imaging the cardiac extracellular matrix. It first describes the major biological targets of ECM imaging, including the primary imaging target of fibrillar collagen. Then it discusses the imaging methods, describing their current capabilities and limitations. It categorizes the imaging methods into two main categories: organ-scale noninvasive methods and cellular-scale invasive methods. Noninvasive methods can be used on patients, but only a few are clinically available, and others require further development to be used in the clinic. Invasive methods are the most established and can measure a variety of properties, but they cannot be used on live patients. Finally, the chapter concludes with a perspective on future directions and applications of biomedical imaging technologies.

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Anisotropy of High-Frequency Integrated Backscatter from Aortic Valve Cusps

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Integrated Backscatter for the In Vivo Quantification of Supraphysiological Vitamin D3-Induced Cardiovascular Calcifications in Rats

Integrated Backscatter for the In Vivo Quantification of Supraphysiological Vitamin D3-Induced Cardiovascular Calcifications in Rats

Complex Collagen Fiber and Membrane Morphologies of the Whole Porcine Aortic Valve

Imaging the Cardiac Extracellular Matrix

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