We report the band‐structure calculations and the first ever electron momentum densities of AgCl and AgBr. Isotropic Compton profiles of these compounds are measured at an intermediate resolution using a 20 Ci 137Cs Compton spectrometer. We have computed Compton profiles, energy bands, density of states and charge density using Hartree–Fock and density‐functional theories. It is seen that the Hartree–Fock theory‐based Compton line shapes are in a better agreement with the measurements. In addition, we have also derived the energy bands and density of states using the full‐potential linearized augmented plane‐wave method. The Compton data is also analyzed at the equal‐valence‐electron‐density scale. The present data shows that AgBr is more covalent than AgCl, which is in agreement with the present Mulliken's population analysis, valence charge densities and other available ionicity trends. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)